Biological Sciences

About the Programs

The Department of Biological Sciences offers undergraduate degrees under a number of different rubrics. The Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees in Biology offer a broad foundation based on a core curriculum. With this education, an individual has a wide range of career opportunities or may proceed on to graduate school. Individuals may change careers later in life with minimal retraining required.

Are you interested in...

• Laboratory Activities
• Field Research and Observation
• Organizing and Presenting Data
• Learning How Biological Systems Interact
• Human Biology / Anatomy
• Animal and Plant Biology

Choose Biology at ESU

• Multiple concentrations
• Small advanced class sizes and personalized attention
• Well-equipped laboratories
• Practical field experiences
• Qualified, experienced faculty

Career Potential

• Research Biologist
• Laboratory Technician
• Medical Professions
• Environmental Conservation
• Forensic Biologist

Career Settings

• Pharmaceutical Companies
• Healthcare Providers
• Environmental Firms
• Food Processing and Safety Departments
• Agriculture
• State and Local Government
• Universities and Colleges

More detailed career information is available from the department.

Bachelor of Arts in Biology

• 63 semester hours in sciences, 33 semester hours in biology

  • Required major courses: BIOL 114, 115, 200, 331, 340 or 422, 495, 496 and a minimum of 13 additional semester hours in Biological Sciences, except for BIOL 103, 105 and 106. No more than six credits of BIOL 484 plus 486 internship may be applied toward Biology requirements for this degree.
  • Corequisite courses: CHEM 121, 123, 124, 126, 233, 234, 235, 236; PHYS 131, 132; and two courses in mathematics or one course in Mathematics and one course in Computer Science (MATH 100, 101, or 105 not accepted).
  • Please view the Foreign Language Competency Requirement in this catalog.
  • Required quality point average: 2.25 or greater for courses in Biological Sciences. At least one half of the credit hours (17) required in biology must be completed at East Stroudsburg University.
  • Please view the university requirements in this catalog.

• Program Curriculum Plan

  • (Subject to change by the university without notice)

    Biology Courses (Minimum)	33SH
    Minimum Quality Point Average in Biology Courses	2.25
    Required Courses	20SH
    BIOL 114: Introductory Biology I	4SH
    BIOL 115: Introductory Biology II	4SH
    BIOL 200: General Ecology	3SH
    BIOL 331: Genetics	3SH
    BIOL 340: Animal Physiology or BIOL 422 Plant Physiology	4SH
    BIOL 495: Seminar I	1SH
    BIOL 496: Seminar II	1SH
    Biology Electives	13SH
    Corequisite Courses
    Chemistry	16SH
    CHEM 121: Introductory Chemistry I	3SH
    CHEM 123: Introductory Chemistry I Lab	1SH
    CHEM 124: Introductory Chemistry II	3SH
    CHEM 126: Introductory Chemistry II Lab	1SH
    CHEM 233: Organic Chemistry I	3SH
    CHEM 234: Organic Chemistry II	3SH
    CHEM 235: Organic Chemistry I Lab	1SH
    CHEM 236: Organic Chemistry II Lab	1SH
    Physics	8SH
    PHYS 131: Fundamental Physics I	4SH
    PHYS 132: Fundamental Physics II	4SH
    Mathematics and Computer Science	6SH
    Two courses in Mathematics or one course in Mathematics and one course in Computer Science NOT ACCEPTED: MATH 90, 100, 101, 105
    Suggested Courses:
    MATH 110: General Statistics I	3SH
    MATH 135: Pre-Calculus	3SH
    MATH 131: Applied Calculus	3SH
    MATH 140: Calculus with Analytic Geometry I	3SH
    MATH 141: Calculus with Analytic Geometry II	3SH
    MATH 316: Biometry	3SH
    CPSC 101: PC's and Their Uses in Sciences	3SH

Bachelor of Science in Biology

• 74 semester hours

  • Required major courses: BIOL 114, 115, 200, 331, 340 or 422, 495, 496, and a minimum of 21 additional semester hours in Biological Sciences except for BIOL 103, 105, 106 (cannot include more than six credits in BIOL 484 plus BIOL 489)
  • Corequisite courses: CHEM 121, 123, 124, 126, 233, 234, 235, 236; PHYS 131, 132; and three courses in mathematics or two courses in Mathematics and one course in Computer Science (MATH 100, 101, or 105 NOT ACCEPTED).
  • Required quality point average: 2.25 or greater for courses in Biological Sciences. At least one half (21) of the credit hours required in biology must be completed at East Stroudsburg University.
  • Please view university requirements in this catalog.

• Program Curriculum Plan

  • (Subject to change by the university without notice)

    Biology Courses (Minimum)	41SH
    Minimum Quality Point Average in Biology Courses	2.25
    Required Courses	20SH
    BIOL 114: Introductory Biology I	4SH
    BIOL 115: Introductory Biology II	4SH
    BIOL 200: General Ecology	3SH
    BIOL 331: Genetics	3SH
    BIOL 340: Animal Physiology or BIOL 422: Plant Physiology	4SH
    BIOL 495: Seminar I	1SH
    BIOL 496: Seminar II	1SH
    Biology Electives	21SH
    Corequisite Courses
    Chemistry	16SH
    CHEM 121: Introductory Chemistry I	3SH
    CHEM 123: Introductory Chemistry I Lab	1SH
    CHEM 124: Introductory Chemistry II	3SH
    CHEM 126: Introductory Chemistry II Lab	1SH
    CHEM 233: Organic Chemistry I	3SH
    CHEM 234: Organic Chemistry II	3SH
    CHEM 235: Organic Chemistry I Lab	1SH
    CHEM 236: Organic Chemistry II Lab	1SH
    Physics	8SH
    PHYS 131: Fundamental Physics I	4SH
    PHYS 132: Fundamental Physics II	4SH
    Mathematics and Computer Science	9SH
    Three courses in Mathematics or two courses in
    Mathematics and one course in Computer Science
    NOT ACCEPTED: MATH 90, 100, 101, 105
    Suggested Courses:
    MATH 110: General Statistics I	3SH
    MATH 135: Pre-Calculus	3SH
    MATH 131: Applied Calculus	3SH
    MATH 140: Calculus with Analytic Geometry I	3SH
    MATH 141: Calculus with Analytic Geometry II	3SH
    MATH 316: Biometry	3SH
    CPSC 101: PC's and Their Uses in Sciences	3SH

    For more information, contact the department by calling 570-422-3725

    or visit our website www.esu.edu/biol

Professional Opportunities in Biology

• The major vocational areas in which a degree with a major in biology may be of value are academic biology, the health professions, commercial research opportunities, technical sales and management. Also, certain forms of law practice, technical writing, editing and illustrations as well as some elements of government service, particularly those dealing with both foreign and domestic resource management, offer careers. Finally, no matter what vocation the graduate may elect to enter, a background in science will provide certain analytical, technical, and communication skills that are useful for a lifetime.

  Program Features

  Bachelor of Arts in Biology

  63 semester hours in sciences; 33 semester hours in Biology

  Bachelor of Science in Biology

  74 Semester Hours

Required Quality Point Average

• 2.25 or greater for courses in Biological Sciences, for both degrees. At least one half of the credit hours required in Biology must be completed at East Stroudsburg University.

Biology Club

• The Biology Club welcomes students who are interested in any aspect of the Biological Sciences. The club's 25-30 members engage in a variety of activities including hosting speakers, trips, hiking, volunteering for university projects, and fundraising. Dr. Matt Wallace is the faculty adviser for the club.

Faculty

• Professors:

  Kathleen Brunkard (kbrunkard@po-box.esu.edu)

  Jane Huffman (jhuffman@po-box.esu.edu)

  Terry Master (tmaster@po-box.esu.edu)

  Richard Pekala (rpekala@po-box.esu.edu)

  Associate Professors:

  Abdalla Aldras (aaldras@po-box.esu.edu)

  Thomas LaDuke (tcladuke@po-box.esu.edu)

  Raymond Milewski (rmilewski@po-box.esu.edu)

  Matthew Wallace (mwallace@po-box.esu.edu)

  Howard Whidden (hwhidden@po-box.esu.edu)

  Assistant Professors:

  James Hunt (jhunt@po-box.esu.edu)

  Maria Kitchens-Kintz, Chair (mkitchens@po-box.esu.edu)

  John Smith (johnsmith@po-box.esu.edu)

  Jennifer White (jwhite@po-box.esu.edu)

  Tracy Whitford (twhitford@po-box.esu.edu)

  Paul Wilson (pwilson@po-box.esu.edu)

College of Arts and Sciences

The Faculty of Science

Moore Biology Hall, Room 127

570-422-3725......www.esu.edu/biol

About the Program

ESU's programs provide an opportunity to gain the scientific and educational background needed for Secondary Education certification in Biology. The requirements for certification include successful completion of science coursework in Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Math; along with a number of courses taken through the College of Education, and a culminating semester-long student teaching experience.

Are you interested in...

• Teaching others
• Exploring the world of living things
• Using creativity
• Encouraging others to learn new concepts
• Designing educational programs

Choose Biology — Secondary Education at ESU

• Small advanced class sizes and personalized attention
• Well-equipped laboratories
• Practical field experiences
• Qualified, experienced faculty

Is Biology — Secondary Education a career path for me?

Career Potential

• Teacher of Biology
• Tour Guide
• Educational Publications
• Educational Consultant
• Naturalist

Career Settings

• Public and Private Schools
• Charter Schools
• Zoos
• Environmental Centers
• Science Museums
• Parks

More detailed career information is available from the department.

Bachelor of Science in Biology - Secondary Education

• 56 semester hours

  Coordinator: Professor Kathleen Brunkard

  • Required major courses: BIOL 114, 115, 200, 331, 340 or 422, 495 or 496, 499 and a minimum of 14 additional semester hours in Biological Sciences except for BIOL 103, 105, 106 (cannot include more than six credits in BIOL 484 plus 486)
  • Corequisite courses: CHEM 121, 123, 124, 126, 233, 235; PHYS 131; two courses in Mathematics (one must be MATH 135 or 140; MATH 100, 101, 105 NOT ACCEPTED). (CHEM 234, CHEM 236, and PHYS 132 are strongly recommended). A minimum of a "C" required for courses in the Biological Sciences.
  • Required professional education courses: PSED 150, 250, 420, 421, 446, 430, 431; SPED 350; REED 350
  • Required quality point average: 2.50 or greater for courses in Biological Sciences. At least one half (18) of the credit hours required in biology must be completed at East Stroudsburg University. Student must have minimum of 3.0 overall QPA.
  • The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania has established new requirements for all candidates in teacher preparation programs. Please refer to the section The College of Education in this catalog for specific requirements for admission into teacher education programs.
  • Please see the university requirements in this catalog.

  The Pennsylvania Department of Education has made some recent changes in teacher certification requirements. Anyone applying for teacher certification after December 31, 2012 will be subject to different program and certification requirements. These requirements will be published pending approval by the Pennsylvania Department of Education and the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education. ALL teacher education students should be in frequent consultation with their academic advisers to make sure they are meeting the appropriate program and certification requirements which will vary depending on a variety of circumstances.

• Program Curriculum Plan

  • (Subject to change by the university without notice)

    Biology Courses	34SH
    (A minimum of a "C" is required for all courses in Biology)
    (A minimum of 17 credits in Biology must be completed at ESU)
    Required Courses	20SH
    BIOL 114: Introductory Biology I	4SH
    BIOL 115: Introductory Biology II	4SH
    BIOL 200: General Ecology	3SH
    BIOL 331: Genetics	3SH
    BIOL 340: Animal Physiology or BIOL 422: Plant Physiology	4SH
    BIOL 495 Seminar I or BIOL 496: Seminar II	1SH
    BIOL 499 Student Teaching Internship	1SH
    Biology Electives	14SH
    Chemistry Courses	12SH
    CHEM 121: General Chemistry I	3SH
    CHEM 123: General Chemistry I Lab	1SH
    CHEM 124: General Chemistry II	3SH
    CHEM 126: General Chemistry II Lab	1SH
    CHEM 233: Organic Chemistry I	3SH
    CHEM 234: Organic Chemistry I	3SH
    CHEM 235: Organic Chemistry I Lab	1SH
    Strongly recommended:
    CHEM 236: Organic Chemistry II
    CHEM 236: Organic Chemistry II Lab
    Physics Courses	4SH
    PHYS 131: Fundamental Physics I	4SH
    Strongly recommended:
    PHYS 132: Fundamental Physics II
    Mathematics Courses	6SH
    MATH 135 Pre-Calculus or MATH 140 Calculus I	3-4SH
    Plus three additional credits in math	3SH
    (Not accepted: MATH 100, 101, 105)
    Total Of All Sciences	56SH

    Plus:

    Certification Requirements In Secondary Education

    Teacher education program requirements may vary due to new certification regulations that will be implemented in Fall 2009.

    For more information, contact the department by calling 570-422-3725 or visit www.esu.edu/biol

Professional Opportunities in Biology

• The major vocational areas in which a degree with a major in biology may be of value are in academic biology, the health professions, commercial research opportunities, technical sales and management; in addition, certain forms of law practice, technical writing, editing and illustrations as well as some elements of government service, particularly those dealing with both foreign and domestic resource management, offer careers.

  Finally, no matter what vocation the graduate may elect to enter, a background in science will provide certain analytical, technical, and communication skills that are useful for a lifetime.

Biology Club

• The Biology Club welcomes students who are interested in any aspect of the Biological Sciences. The club's 25-30 members engage in a variety of activities including hosting speakers, trips, hiking, volunteering for university projects, and fundraising.

  Dr. Matt Wallace is the faculty adviser for the club.

Faculty

• Professors:

  Kathleen Brunkard (kbrunkard@po-box.esu.edu)

  Jane Huffman (jhuffman@po-box.esu.edu)

  Terry Master (tmaster@po-box.esu.edu)

  Richard Pekala (rpekala@po-box.esu.edu)

  Associate Professors:

  Abdalla Aldras (aaldras@po-box.esu.edu)

  Thomas LaDuke (tcladuke@po-box.esu.edu)

  Raymond Milewski (rmilewski@po-box.esu.edu)

  Matthew Wallace (mwallace@po-box.esu.edu)

  Howard Whidden (hwhidden@po-box.esu.edu)

  Assistant Professors:

  James Hunt (jhunt@po-box.esu.edu)

  Maria Kitchens-Kintz, chair (mkitchens@po-box.esu.edu)

  John Smith (johnsmith@po-box.esu.edu)

  Jennifer White (jwhite@po-box.esu.edu)

  Tracy Whitford (twhitford@po-box.esu.edu)

  Paul Wilson (pwilson@po-box.esu.edu)

College of Arts and Sciences

The Faculty of Science

Moore Biology Hall, Room 127

570-422-3725......www.esu.edu/biol

About the Program

This is an interdisciplinary concentration offered in conjunction with the Psychology Department.

The study of both animal and human behavior is compared and integrated in this concentration to provide students with an overview of behavior in an evolutionary context. This concentration is appropriate for students wishing to continue their behavioral studies in graduate school.

Are You Interested In...

• Zoology
• Psychology
• Investigating animal intelligence
• Animal interactions
• Laboratory/Field experimentation

Choose Biology / Integrative Animal Behavior at ESU

• Small advanced class sizes and personalized attention
• Well-equipped laboratories
• Practical field experiences
• Qualified, experienced faculty

Is Biology / integrative Animal Behavior a career path for me?

Career Potential

• Animal Husbandry
• Teaching
• Graduate Studies
• Veterinary Behaviorist

Career Settings

• Zoo's and Aquariums
• Veterinary Offices
• Nature Centers
• Government Agencies
• Graduate School

More detailed career information is available from the department.

Bachelor of Science in Biology - Concentration: Integrative Animal Behavior

• 80-83 Semester hours

  Coordinator: Professor Terry L. Master

  • Required major courses: BIOL 114, 115, 200, 331, 340 or 422, 350, 351, 495, 496, and a minimum of 9 additional semester hours in biology at or 300 level or above.
  • Corequisite courses: PSY 101, 201, 202 or 304, 311, 313 ; CHEM 121, 123, 124, 126, 233, 234, 235, 236; PHYS 131, 132; three courses in mathematics or two in mathematics and one course in computer science; MATH 110, 130, 131, 135, 140, 141, 311, 411, CPSC 101 (one MATH must be 135, 140 or 141; MATH 090, 100, 101, and 105 are NOT ACCEPTED).
  • A minimum grade of "C" is required in all required, corequisite and directed GE courses
  • Required quality point average: 2.5 or greater in Biology courses. At least one-half (17) of the credit hours required in biology must be completed at East Stroudsburg University.

  This is an interdisciplinary concentration offered in conjunction with the Psychology Department.

• Program Curriculum Plan

  • (Subject to change by the university without notice)

    Biology Requirements	24S
    BIOL 114: Introductory Biology I	4SH
    BIOL 115: Introductory Biology II	4SH
    BIOL 200: General Ecology	3SH
    BIOL 331: Genetics	3SH
    BIOL 340: Animal Physiology or BIOL 422: Plant Physiology	4SH
    BIOL 350: Animal Behavior	3SH
    BIOL 351: Animal Behavior Laboratory	1SH
    BIOL 495: Seminar I	1SH
    BIOL 496: Seminar II	1SH
    Biology Electives	9SH
    BIOL 312: Principles of Neural Science or BIOL 315: Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy	3-4SH
    BIOL 413: Predator-Prey Relationships or BIOL 457 Behavioral Ecology	3SH
    plus BIOL 491: Behavioral Ecology Laboratory	1SH
    Corequisites	13SH
    Psychology Courses
    PSY 101: Introduction to Psychology	3SH
    PSY 201: Experimental Design in Psychology	3SH
    PSY 212: Comparative Psychology	3SH
    PSY 311: Physiological Psychology plus Lab	4SH
    Psychology Electives	3-4SH
    PSY 202: Experimental Psychology or PSY 204 Empirical Foundations of Learning	3-4SH
    Corequisite Biology Courses
    Chemistry	16SH
    CHEM 121: Introductory Chemistry I	3SH
    CHEM 123: Introductory Chemistry I Lab	1SH
    CHEM 124: Introductory Chemistry II	3SH
    CHEM 126: Introductory Chemistry II Lab	1SH
    CHEM 233: Organic Chemistry I	3SH
    CHEM 235: Organic Chemistry I Lab	1SH
    CHEM 234: Organic Chemistry II	3SH
    CHEM 236: Organic Chemistry II Lab	1SH
    Physics	8SH
    PHYS 131: Fundamental Physics I	4SH
    PHYS 132: Fundamental Physics II	4SH
    Mathematics	9SH
    Three courses in Math or two courses in Math plus one Computer Science course NOT ACCEPTED: MATH 100, 101, 105
    MATH 110: General Statistics	3SH
    MATH 130: Applied Algebraic Methods	3SH
    MATH 121: College Trigonometry	3SH
    MATH 131: Applied Calculus	3SH
    MATH 140: Calculus I	3SH
    MATH 141: Calculus II	3SH
    MATH 311: Statistics I	3SH
    MATH 411: Statistics II	3SH
    CPSC 101: PC's and their uses in the Sciences	3SH

    For more information, contact the department by calling 570-422-3725 or visit www.esu.edu/biol

Professional Opportunities in Biology

• The major vocational areas in which a degree with a major in biology may be of value are in academic biology, the health professions, commercial research opportunities, technical sales and management; in addition, certain forms of law practice, technical writing, editing and illustrations as well as some elements of government service, particularly those dealing with both foreign and domestic resource management, offer careers. Finally, no matter what vocation the graduate may elect to enter, a background in science will provide certain analytical, technical, and communication skills that are useful for a lifetime.

Faculty

• Professors:

  Kathleen Brunkard (kbrunkard@po-box.esu.edu)

  Jane Huffman (jhuffman@po-box.esu.edu)

  Terry Master (tmaster@po-box.esu.edu)

  Richard Pekala (rpekala@po-box.esu.edu)

  Associate Professors:

  Abdalla Aldras (aaldras@po-box.esu.edu)

  Thomas LaDuke (tcladuke@po-box.esu.edu)

  Raymond Milewski (rmilewski@po-box.esu.edu)

  Matthew Wallace (mwallace@po-box.esu.edu)

  Howard Whidden (hwhidden@po-box.esu.edu)

  Assistant Professors:

  James Hunt (jhunt@po-box.esu.edu)

  Maria Kitchens-Kintz, chair (mkitchens@po-box.esu.edu)

  John Smith (johnsmith@po-box.esu.edu)

  Jennifer White (jwhite@po-box.esu.edu)

  Tracy Whitford (twhitford@po-box.esu.edu)

  Paul Wilson (pwilson@po-box.esu.edu)

College of Arts and Sciences

The Faculty of Science

Moore Biology Hall, Room 127

570-422-3725......www.esu.edu/biol

About the Program

The Integrative Organismal Biology concentration emphasizes the study of the ecology, behavior, and evolution of organisms. The concentration is appropriate for students interested in working in fields such as wildlife management, forestry, environmental consulting, natural history, interpretation, environmental education, conservation, museum collections, management, zoo/aquarium collections management and for those planning to attend graduate school in botany, zoology, ecology, behavior, or evolution.

Are you interested in...

• Outdoor activity
• Natural history
• Wildlife management
• Nature interpretation

Choose Biology / Integrative Organismal Biology at ESU

• Small advanced class sizes and
• personalized attention
• Well-equipped laboratories
• Practical field experiences
• Qualified, experienced faculty

Is Biology / Integrative Organismal Biology a career path for me?

Career Potential

• Wildlife Manager
• Interpretive Naturalist
• Teaching
• Conservation of Natural Resources
• Graduate School

Career Settings

• Wildlife Management Departments
• Forestry Departments
• Environmental Consulting Firms
• Natural History Museums
• Environmental Education Centers
• Conservation Organizations
• Museums
• Zoos
• Aquariums

More detailed career information is available from the department.

Bachelor of Science in Biology - Concentration: Integrated Organismal Biology

• 80-81 Semester hours

  Coordinator: Professor Terry L. Master

  • Required major courses: BIOL 114, 115, 200, 315 or 320, 340 or 422, 407, 495, 496 plus 18 additional SH of biology electives distributed among 4 course clusters, as follows: Fundamental Cluster - 3 SH from BIOL 316, 428, 464, 468; Organismal Cluster - 6 SH from BIOL 220, 221, 325, 350, 416, 421, 425, 442, 448, 450, 451, 462, 466, 493, 494; BIOM 461, 462, 468, 471, 473, 479, 487, 488; Physio./Pathological/Morph. Cluster - 3 SH from BIOL 311, 321, 322, 431, 452, 453, 458; BIOM 403, 464; Ecology Cluster - 6 SH from BIOL 413, 423, 426, 440, 443, 445, 457, 463, BIOM 460, 465, 483
  • Corequisite courses: CHEM 121, 123, 124, 126, 233, 234, 235, 236; PHYS 131, 132; 3 courses in mathematics or 2 in MATH and 1 in computer science, from the following: MATH 135, 140 or 141, plus one additional Math course (MATH 100, 101, and 105 are NOT ACCEPTED); GEOG 120.
  • A minimum grade of "C" is required in all required and corequisite courses.
  • Required quality point average: 2.5 or greater in Biology courses. At least one-half (22) of the credit hours required in BIOL and BIOM must be completed at East Stroudsburg University.

• Program Curriculum Plan

  • (Subject to change by the university without notice)

    The concentration provides an integrated and flexible approach to organismal biology using four clusters of courses as electives.

    Biology Courses	26-27SH
    BIOL 114: Introductory Biology I	4SH
    BIOL 115: Introductory Biology II	4SH
    BIOL 200: General Ecology	3SH
    BIOL 315: Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy or BIOL 320: Plant Morphology	4-3SH
    BIOL 331: Genetics	3SH
    BIOL 340: Animal Physiology or BIOL 422: Plant Physiology	4SH
    BIOL 407: Organic Evolution	3SH
    BIOL 495: Seminar I	1SH
    BIOL 496: Seminar II	1SH
    Biology Electives	18SH
    In addition to the core courses and co-requisite courses, students in the Integrative Organismal Biology concentration are required to take at least 18 hours of additional courses selected from four course clusters as follows:
    1. Principles Courses	3SH
    2. Organismal Courses	6SH
    3. Physiological/Morphological Courses	3SH
    4. Ecology Courses	6SH
    Corequisite Courses
    Chemistry	16SH
    CHEM 121: Introductory Chemistry I	3SH
    CHEM 123: Introductory Chemistry I Lab	1SH
    CHEM 124: Introductory Chemistry II	3SH
    CHEM 126: Introductory Chemistry II Lab	1SH
    CHEM 233: Organic Chemistry I	3SH
    CHEM 234: Organic Chemistry II	3SH
    CHEM 235: Organic Chemistry Lab	1SH
    CHEM 236: Organic Chemistry II Lab	1SH
    Physics	8SH
    PHYS 131: Fundamental Physics I	4SH
    PHYS 132: Fundamental Physics II	4SH
    Geography	3SH
    GEOG 120: Physical Geology or GEOG 121: Physical Geology	3SH
    Mathematics and Computer Science	9SH
    Three math courses or two math and one computer science. One math course must be MATH 135, 140, or 141 due to physics requirement. Courses not accepted: MATH 90, 100, 101, 105
    MATH 110: General Statistics	3SH
    MATH 130: Applied Algebraic Methods	3SH
    MATH 131: Applied Calculus	3SH
    MATH 135: Pre-Calculus	3SH
    MATH 140: Calculus I	3SH
    MATH 141: Calculus II	3SH
    MATH 311: Statistics I	3SH
    MATH 411: Statistics II	3SH
    CPSC 101: PC's. & Uses in the Sciences	3SH
    Biology Electives
    Cluster #1: Principles Courses	3SH
    BIOL 316: Principles of Systematics
    BIOL 428: Zoogeography
    BIOL 464 Population Genetics
    Cluster #2: Organismal Courses	6SH
    BIOL 220: Field Botany
    BIOL 221: Field Zoology
    BIOL 325: Ornithology
    BIOL 350: Animal Behavior
    BIOL 416: Parasitology
    BIOL 421: Introductory Mycology
    BIOL 425: Herpetology
    BIOL 442: Biology of Aquatic Macrophytes
    BIOL 448: Biology of Aquatic Insects
    BIOL 450: Field Entomology
    BIOL 451: General Entomology
    BIOL 462: Mammalogy
    BIOL 466: Marine Ichthyology
    BIOL 493: Biology of Tropical Ecosystems
    BIOL 494: Research in Biology
    BIOM 461: Marine Botany
    BIOM 462: Marine Invertebrates
    BIOM 468: Marine Ornithology
    BIOM 471: Biology of the Molluscs
    BIOM 473: Marine Mammals of the Atlantic
    BIOM 479: Ecology of Marine Plankton
    BIOM 487: Tropical Invertebrates
    BIOM 488: Coastal Vegetation
    Cluster #3:
    Physiological/Pathological/Morphological Courses	3SH
    BIOL 311: Embryology
    BIOL 321: Plant Pathology
    BIOL 322: Plant Responses to Environmental Stress
    BIOL 431: Ecological Physiology
    BIOL 452: Insect Morphology
    BIOL 453: Insect Physiology
    BIOL 458: Wildlife Diseases
    BIOM 403: Comparative Physiology of Marine Organisms
    BIOM 464: Developmental Biology of Marine Organisms
    Cluster #4: Ecology Courses	6SH
    BIOL 413: Predator-Prey Relationships
    BIOL 423: Plant Ecology
    BIOL 426: Wildlife Biology
    BIOL 440: General Aquatic Ecology
    BIOL 443: Stream Ecology
    BIOL 445: Ecology of Fishes
    BIOL 457: Behavioral Ecology
    BIOL 463: Conservation Biology
    BIOM 460: Marine Ecology
    BIOM 465: Management of Wetland Wildlife
    BIOM 483: Wetland Ecology

    • Note: A minimum grade of "C" is required in all required and corequisite courses.
    • Note: BIOM courses are offered by the Marine Science Consortium at Wallops Island, Virginia.
    • Required quality point average: 2.5 or greater in Biology courses. At least one-half of the credit hours required in biology must be completed at ESU.

    For more information, contact the department by calling 570-422-3725 or visit www.esu.edu/biol

Professional Opportunities in Biology

• The major vocational areas in which a degree with a major in biology may be of value are in academic biology, the health professions, commercial research opportunities, technical sales and management; in addition, certain forms of law practice, technical writing, editing and illustrations as well as some elements of government service, particularly those dealing with both foreign and domestic resource management, offer careers.

  Finally, no matter what vocation the graduate may elect to enter, a background in science will provide certain analytical, technical, and communication skills that are useful for a lifetime.

Faculty

• Professors:

  Kathleen Brunkard (kbrunkard@po-box.esu.edu)

  Jane Huffman (jhuffman@po-box.esu.edu)

  Terry Master (tmaster@po-box.esu.edu)

  Richard Pekala(rpekala@po-box.esu.edu)

  Associate Professors:

  Abdalla Aldras (aaldras@po-box.esu.edu)

  Thomas LaDuke (tcladuke@po-box.esu.edu)

  Raymond Milewski (rmilewski@po-box.esu.edu)

  Matthew Wallace (mwallace@po-box.esu.edu)

  Howard Whidden (hwhidden@po-box.esu.edu)

  Assistant Professors:

  James Hunt (jhunt@po-box.esu.edu)

  Maria Kitchens-Kintz, chair (mkitchens@po-box.esu.edu)

  John Smith (johnsmith@po-box.esu.edu)

  Jennifer White (jwhite@po-box.esu.edu)

  Tracy Whitford (twhitford@po-box.esu.edu)

  Paul Wilson (pwilson@po-box.esu.edu)

College of Arts and Sciences

The Faculty of Science

Moore Biology Hall, Room 127

570-422-3725......www.esu.edu/biol

About the Program

The Bachelor of Science program in Biology with a concentration in Laboratory Medicine prepares students to practice science in this diverse field. The goal of the program is to develop highly literate, compassionate, analytically competent persons who possess extensive contemporary knowledge of medical laboratory skills. Students are strongly urged to participate in scholarly activities such as research, scientific writing, presentation of papers and attendance at scientific meetings.

Are You Interested In...

• Diagnostic pursuits
• Problem-solving

Choose Biology / Laboratory Medicine at ESU

• Small advanced class sizes
• Practical field experiences.
• Qualified, experienced faculty

Is Biology / Laboratory Medicine a career path for me?

Career Potential

• Laboratory scientist

Career Settings

• Physician offices
• Clinics
• Hospitals
• Diagnostic centers

More detailed career information is available from the department.

Bachelor of Science in Biology - Concentration: Laboratory Medicine

• 83 semester hours

  Coordinator: Professor Abdalla M. Aldras

  • Required major courses: BIOL 111, 112, 114, 115, 200 or 210, 280, 330, 331, 410, 416, 424, 434, 437, 495 or 496.
  • Corequisite courses: CHEM 121, 123, 124, 126, 233, 234, 235, 236, 315, 317, 371; PHYS 131, 132; and two courses in mathematics or one course in mathematics and one course in computer science (MATH 100, 101, or 105 not accepted).
  • Required quality point average: 2.25 or greater for courses in Biological Sciences. At least one half (23) of the credit hours required in biology must be completed at East Stroudsburg University.
  • Please see the university requirements in this catalog.

  Biotech Club

  The Biotech Club provides networking opportunities for students interested in all aspects of biological technology, and provides a forum for students to meet and learn about various applications of the science.

  Transfer Students

  Many students transfer from community colleges and other universities. We welcome your inquiries. More information about credit course transfers is available from the Office of Admissions, 877-230-5547.

• Program Curriculum Plan

  • (Subject to change by the university without notice)

    Required Biology Courses	45SH
    BIOL 11:1 Human Anatomy and Physiology I	4SH
    BIOL 112: Human Anatomy and Physiology II	4SH
    BIOL 114: Introductory Biology I	4SH
    BIOL 115: Introductory Biology II	4SH
    BIOL 200: General Ecology or BIOL 210: Environmental Biology	3SH
    BIOL 280: Laboratory Medicine Seminar	1SH
    BIOL 330: Microbiology	4SH
    BIOL 331: Genetics	3SH
    BIOL 410: Histology	4SH
    BIOL 416: Parasitology	3SH
    BIOL 424: Mechanisms of Disease	3SH
    BIOL 434: Cell Physiology	4SH
    BIOL 437: Immunology	3SH
    BIOL 495: Seminar I or BIOL 496: Seminar II	1SH
    Corequisite Courses
    Chemistry	24SH
    CHEM 121: Introductory Chemistry I	3SH
    CHEM 123: Introductory Chemistry I Lab	1SH
    CHEM 124: Introductory Chemistry II	3SH
    CHEM 126: Introductory Chemistry II Lab	1SH
    CHEM 233: Organic Chemistry I	3SH
    CHEM 235: Organic Chemistry I Lab	1SH
    CHEM 234: Organic Chemistry II	3SH
    CHEM 236: Organic Chemistry II Lab	1SH
    CHEM 315: Biochemistry	3SH
    CHEM 317: Biochemistry Lab	1SH
    CHEM 371: Analytical Chemistry I: Quantitative	4SH
    Physics	8SH
    PHYS 131:Fundamental Physics I	4SH
    PHYS 132:Fundamental Physics II	4SH
    Mathematics and Computer Science	9SH
    Two courses in Mathematics or one course in Mathematics and one course in Computer Science
    NOT ACCEPTED: MATH 90, 100, 101, 105
    Suggested Courses:
    MATH 110:General Statistics I	3SH
    MATH 135:Pre-Calculus	3SH
    MATH 131:Applied Calculus	3SH
    MATH 140:Calculus with Analytic Geometry I	3SH
    MATH 141:Calculus with Analytic Geometry II	3SH
    CPSC 101: PC's and their uses in sciences	3SH

    For more information, contact the department by calling 570-422-3725 or visit www.esu.edu/biol

Professional Opportunities in Biology

• The major vocational areas in which a degree with a major in biology may be of value are in academic biology, the health professions, commercial research opportunities, technical sales and management; in addition, certain forms of law practice, technical writing, editing and illustrations as well as some elements of government service offer careers.

  No matter what vocation the graduate may elect to enter, a background in science will provide certain analytical, technical, and communication skills that are useful for a lifetime.

Faculty

• Program Coordinator:

  Abdalla Aldras (aaldras@po-box.esu.edu)

  Professors:

  Richard Pekala (rpekala@po-box.esu.edu)

  Kathleen Brunkard (kbrunkard@po-box.esu.edu)

  Jane Huffman (jhuffman@po-box.esu.edu)

  Terry Master (tmaster@po-box.esu.edu)

  Associate Professors:

  Thomas LaDuke (tcladuke@po-box.esu.edu)

  Raymond Milewski (rmilewski@po-box.esu.edu)

  Matthew Wallace (mwallace@po-box.esu.edu)

  Howard Whidden (hwhidden@po-box.esu.edu)

  Assistant Professors:

  James Hunt (jhunt@po-box.esu.edu)

  Maria Kitchens-Kintz, chair (mkitchens@po-box.esu.edu)

  John Smith (johnsmith@po-box.esu.edu)

  Jennifer White (jwhite@po-box.esu.edu)

  Tracy Whitford (twhitford@po-box.esu.edu)

  Paul Wilson (pwilson@po-box.esu.edu)

College of Arts and Sciences

The Faculty of Science

Moore Biology Hall, Room 127

570-422-3725......www.esu.edu/biol

About the Program

The Podiatric Medicine Transfer concentration is a seven-year cooperative degree program with Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine (TUSPM). Students accepted into the concentration will spend three academic years at East Stroudsburg University enrolled in the program leading to a B.S. in Biology. Students will receive their B.S. degree in Biology from ESU after successfully completing their first year at TUSPM. TUSPM will award a Doctorate of Podiatric Medicine to students completing the four-year curriculum at TUSPM. Entrance into this concentration is restricted to beginning freshman. Transfer students are ineligible.

Are you interested in...

• Caring for others
• Learning about human anatomy

Choose Biology / Podiatric Medicine Transfer Concentration

• Small advanced class sizes
• Qualified, experienced faculty

Is Biology / Podiatric Medicine Transfer a career path for me?

Career Potential

• Doctor of podiatric medicine

Career Settings

• Hospitals
• Clinics
• Private practice
• Detailed career information available from the department.

Bachelor of Science in Biology - Concentration: Podiatric Medicine Transfer

• 76 semester hours

  Coordinator: Professor John S. Smith

  • Required major courses: BIOL 114, 115, 200, 315, 330, 331, 340, 449, 495, 496, and an additional 9 SH that will be transferred to ESU after the first year at TUSPM.
  • Corequisite courses: CHEM 121, 123, 124, 126, 233, 234, 235, 236; PHYS 131 or 161, 132 or 162; 6 SH in Math from the following: MATH 110, 130, 135, 140 and 141; ENGL 203.
  • A minimum grade of "C" is required in all required and corequisite courses.
  • Required quality point average: 2.9 QPA in basic sciences (see list below) and 3.0 overall. At least one half (20) of the credit hours required in biology must be completed at East Stroudsburg University. Field Experience, Internship and Research courses will not be included in the QPA calculations to meet the requirements of this program. No more than six credits of Field Experience, Internship, and Research courses may be applied toward Biology requirements for this degree.

  Freshman must meet the following requirements.

  Entrance requirements:

  • Combined SAT score 1100;
  • High school GPA of at least 3.6;
  • College-prep curriculum (preferably honors) that includes four years of English, four years of Math, three years of science including one year each of biology, chemistry and physics;
  • Class ranking in top 20 percent; and
  • Permission of the Pre-Medicine Coordinators

  Students who do not meet the above requirements, but whose academic performance (after 30 SH minimum) meet the QPA requirements for the concentration may request permission to transfer into the concentration from the Pre-Medicine Coordinator. Accepted students will be evaluated in their fifth semester by the Pre-Medical Committee. The following are required to qualify for an interview at TUSPM.

  • Completion of basic science coursework: BIOL 114, 115, CHEM 121, 123, 124, 126, 233, 234, 235, 236, PHYS 131 or 161.
  • 2.9 QPA in basic sciences, 3.0 QPA overall excluding BIOL 480, 484, 485, 486, 494, 498.
  • MCAT scores: 21 minimum total, no scores less than 6.
    • The test must be taken no later than April during the 6th semester (junior year). GRE scores: at least the 50th Percentile in all areas. The test must be taken no later than October prior to the TUSPM application deadline. Students must fill out Supplementary Request for Score Reports to have their MCAT and GRE scores reported directly to the Pre-Medicine coordinator.)
    • Must have participated in TUSPM Summer Internship Program at the end of the sophomore year.
  • Signed Buckley Amendment Waiver.
  • A favorable recommendation from the Pre-Medicine Committee.
  • Enrollment in Spring Semester to complete 99 SH of General Education and Biology requirements (except 9 SH biology electives).

  The deadline to apply for early admission at TUSPM is Jan. 1 of the junior year. Students meeting these requirements will qualify for an interview with the TUSPM Admissions Committee, who make final determination of admission. After successful completion of the first year of coursework at TUSPM, ESU will accept transfer of TUSPM credits to complete the B.S. in Biology.

• Program Curriculum Plan

  • (Subject to change by the university without notice)

    Freshman Year

    Fall

    BIOL 114: Introductory Biology I	4
    CHEM 121: General Chemistry I	3
    CHEM 123: General Chemistry I Lab	1
    ENGL 103: English Composition	3
    MATH 140: Calculus I	4
    General Education Elective - Social Science	3
    Subtotal	18

    Spring

    BIOL 115: Introductory Biology II	4
    CHEM 124: General Chemistry II	3
    CHEM 126: General Chemistry II Lab	1
    ENGL 203: Advanced Composition	3
    MATH 140: Calculus I	4
    General Education Elective - Social Science	3
    Subtotal	18

    Sophomore Year

    Fall

    CHEM 233: Organic Chemistry I	3
    CHEM 235: Organic Chemistry I Lab	1
    BIOL 331: Genetics	3
    BIOL 330: Microbiology	4
    BIOL 340: Animal Physiology	4
    Fitness	1
    Subtotal	16

    Spring

    CHEM 234: Organic Chemistry II	3
    CHEM 236: Organic Chemistry II Lab	1
    BIOL 315: Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy	4
    BIOL 200: Ecology	3
    PHYS 161: Physics I	4
    General Education Elective - Humanities	3
    Subtotal	18

    Junior Year

    Fall

    PHYS 162: Physics II	4
    BIOL 449: Cell Biology	3
    BIOL 495: Seminar I	1
    CHEM 315: Biochemistry	3
    General Education Elective - Humanities	3
    Subtotal	15

    Spring

    BIOL 496: Seminar II	3
    General Education Elective - Humanities	1
    General Education Elective - Humanities	3
    General Education Elective - Social Science	3
    General Education Elective - Social Science	3
    Subtotal	16

    Senior Year

    Fall-Spring

    Attend Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine Transfer credits to substitute for 9 SH Biology and free electives	19
    Subtotal	19
    Total Credits	120

    For more information, contact the department by calling 570-422-3725 or visit www.esu.edu/biol

Professional Opportunities in Biology

• The major professional areas in which a degree with a major in biology may be of value are in academic biology, the health professions, commercial research opportunities, technical sales and management; in addition, certain forms of law practice, technical writing, editing and illustrations as well as some elements of government service, offer careers.

  Finally, no matter what vocation the graduate may elect to enter, a background in science will provide certain analytical, technical, and communication skills that are useful for a lifetime.

Faculty

• Program Coordinator:

  John Smith (johnsmith@po-box.esu.edu)

  Professors:

  Richard Pekala (rpekala@po-box.esu.edu)

  Kathleen Brunkard (kbrunkard@po-box.esu.edu)

  Jane Huffman (jhuffman@po-box.esu.edu)

  Terry Master (tmaster@po-box.esu.edu)

  Associate Professors:

  Abdalla Aldras (aaldras@po-box.esu.edu)

  Thomas LaDuke (tcladuke@po-box.esu.edu)

  Raymond Milewski (rmilewski@po-box.esu.edu)

  Matthew Wallace (mwallace@po-box.esu.edu)

  Howard Whidden (hwhidden@po-box.esu.edu)

  Assistant Professors:

  James Hunt (jhunt@po-box.esu.edu)

  Maria Kitchens-Kintz, chair (mkitchens@po-box.esu.edu)

  Jennifer White (jwhite@po-box.esu.edu)

  Tracy Whitford (twhitford@po-box.esu.edu)

  Paul Wilson (pwilson@po-box.esu.edu)

College of Arts and Sciences

The Faculty of Science

Moore Biology Hall, Room 127

570-422-3725......www.esu.edu/biol

About the Program

This is a broad spectrum concentration designed to prepare students for further training as medical professionals in the fields of dentistry, medicine, optometry, osteopathy, podiatry, and veterinary.

Are you interested in...

• Helping others
• Investigating and problem-solving

Choose Biology / Pre-Medicine at ESU

• Small advanced class sizes
• Qualified, experienced faculty
• Personalized attention

Is Biology / pre-medicine a career path for me?

Career Potential

• Doctor of Medicine /Osteopathy / Podiatry
• Doctor of Dentistry
• Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
• Doctor of Optometry

Career Settings

• Hospital
• Private practice
• Clinic
• Not-for-profit organizations

More detailed career information is available from the department.

Bachelor of Science in Biology - Concentration: Pre-Medicine

• 63 semester hours

  Coordinator: Professor John S. Smith

  • Required major courses: BIOL 114, 115, 200, 315, 330, 331, 340, 449, 495, 496, and a minimum of nine additional semester hours at 300 level or above.
  • Corequisite courses: CHEM 121, 123, 124, 126, 233, 234, 235, 236; PHYS 131, 132 or PHYS 161, 162; 6 credits in mathematics from the following: MATH 110, 130, 135, 140, 141 (MATH 100, 101, 105, and 131 are not accepted); ENGL 203 or 204.
  • A minimum grade of "C" is required in all required, corequisite and directed GE courses.
  • Required quality point average: 3.5 QPA in basic sciences (see list below), 3.4 QPA in all BIOL, CHEM, PHYS and MATH courses, 3.3 QPA overall. At least one half (20) of the credit hours required in biology must be completed at East Stroudsburg University. Field Experience, Internship, and Research courses will not be included in the QPA calculations to meet the requirements of this program. No more than six credits of Field Experience, Internship, and Research courses may be applied toward Biology requirements for this degree. This is a broad spectrum program designed to prepare the student for further training as medical professionals in the fields of Dentistry, Medicine, Optometry, Osteopathy, Podiatry, and Veterinary.

  Freshmen must meet the following requirements:

  Entrance requirements:

  • Combined SAT score 1100, ACT Score of 24;
  • High school GPA of at least 3.6;
  • College-prep curriculum (preferable honors) that includes 4 years of English, 4 years of Mathematics, 3 years of science including 1 year each of biology, chemistry and physics;
  • Class ranking in top 20 percent; and
  • Permission of the Pre-Medicine Coordinator

  Students who do not meet the above requirements, but whose academic performance (after 30 SH minimum) meet the QPA requirements for the concentration may request permission to transfer into the concentration from the Pre-Medicine Coordinator. Students will be evaluated after their junior year by the Pre-Medicine Committee. Students transferring from other schools or from other majors/concentrations should meet the same academic standards for college coursework.

  The following are required to remain in the concentration:

  • Completion of basic science coursework: BIOL 114, 115, CHEM 121, 123, 124, 126, 233, 234, 235, 236, PHYS 131 (or 161), 132 (or 162).
  • 3.5 QPA in basic sciences, 3.4 QPA in all BIOL, CHEM, PHYS and MATH courses, 3.3 QPA overall excluding BIOL 480, 484, 485, 486, 494, 498.
  • Take the Medical College Admission Test.
  • The test should be taken in April but may be taken in August. Students must fill out a Supplementary Request for Score Reports to have their MCAT scores reported directly to the Pre-Medicine coordinator.
  • Interview with the Pre-Medicine Committee in the spring of the junior year, presenting a resume, transcripts, letters of recommendation, a signed Buckley Amendment Waiver.

  Students who do not meet the minimal standards for evaluation will not earn a favorable recommendation from the Pre-Medicine committee and will be placed on probationary status and advised to withhold their applications to medical schools for one year, during which the student has the opportunity to remedy any deficiencies. Students wishing to earn a favorable Committee evaluation will limit the number of courses retaken to three with no more than one retake per course.

• Program Curriculum Plan

  • (Subject to change by the university without notice)

    Freshman Year

    Fall

    BIOL 114: Introductory Biology I	4
    CHEM 121: General Chemistry I	3
    CHEM 123: General Chemistry I Lab	1
    ENGL 103: English Composition	3
    MATH 140: Calculus I	4
    Fitness Elective	1
    Subtotal	16

    Spring

    BIOL 115: Introductory Biology II	4
    CHEM 124: General Chemistry II	3
    CHEM 126: General Chemistry II Lab	1
    ENGL 203: English Composition	3
    MATH 141: Calculus II	4
    Subtotal	15

    Sophomore Year

    Fall

    CHEM 233: Organic Chemistry I	3
    CHEM 235: Organic Chemistry I Lab	1
    BIOL 331: Genetics	3
    BIOL 330: Microbiology	4
    General Education Elective - Social Science	3
    Fitness Elective	1
    Subtotal	15

    Spring

    CHEM 234: Organic Chemistry II	3
    CHEM 236: Organic Chemistry II Lab I	1
    BIOL 200: General Ecology	3
    PHYS 161: Physics I	4
    General Education Elective - Social Science	3
    CHEM 234: Organic Chemistry II	3
    Subtotal	14

    Junior Year

    Fall

    PHYS 162: Physics II	4
    BIOL 449: Cell Biology	3
    BIOL 300-400 Biology Elective	3
    CHEM 315: Biochemistry	3
    General Education Elective - Humanities	3
    Subtotal	16

    Spring

    BIOL 315: Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy	4
    BIOL 300-400 - Biology Elective	4
    General Education Elective - Humanities	3
    General Education Elective - Social Science	3
    Subtotal	14

    Senior Year

    Fall

    BIOL 449: Cell Biology	3
    BIOL 495: Seminar I	1
    CHEM 315: Biochemistry	3
    BIOL 300-400 Biology Elective I	3
    General Education Elective - Social Science	3
    General Education Elective - Humanities	3
    Subtotal	14-15

    Spring

    BIOL 340: Animal Physiology	4
    BIOL 496: Seminar II	1
    General Education Elective - Humanities	3
    General Education Elective - Social Sciences	3
    Free Elective	3
    Subtotal	14
    Total Credits	120

    For more information, contact the department by calling 570-422-3725 or visit www.esu.edu/biol

Professional Opportunities in Biology

• The major professional areas in which a degree with a major in biology may be of value are in academic biology, the health professions, commercial research opportunities, technical sales and management; in addition, certain forms of law practice, technical writing, editing and illustrations as well as some elements of government service, offer careers.

  Finally, no matter what vocation the graduate may elect to enter, a background in science will provide certain analytical, technical, and communication skills that are useful for a lifetime.

Faculty

• Program Coordinators:

  John S. Smith (johnsmith@po-box.esu.edu)

  Professors:

  Richard Pekala (rpekala@po-box.esu.edu)

  Kathleen Brunkard (kbrunkard@po-box.esu.edu)

  Jane Huffman (jhuffman@po-box.esu.edu)

  Terry Master (tmaster@po-box.esu.edu)

  Associate Professors:

  Abdalla Aldras (aaldras@po-box.esu.edu)

  Thomas LaDuke (tcladuke@po-box.esu.edu)

  Raymond Milewski (rmilewski@po-box.esu.edu)

  Matthew Wallace (mwallace@po-box.esu.edu)

  Howard Whidden (hwhidden@po-box.esu.edu)

  Assistant Professors:

  James Hunt (jhunt@po-box.esu.edu)

  Maria Kitchens-Kintz, chair (mkitchens@po-box.esu.edu)

  Jennifer White (jwhite@po-box.esu.edu)

  Tracy Whitford (twhitford@po-box.esu.edu)

  Paul Wilson (pwilson@po-box.esu.edu)

College of Arts and Sciences

The Faculty of Science

Moore Biology Hall, Room 127

570-422-3725......www.esu.edu/biol

About the Program

Students entering this concentration are declared biology majors, but direct their class work and other activities toward gaining entrance into schools which offer post-baccalaureate programs leading to a physical therapy license. Entrance into physical therapy schools is highly competitive, and it is the purpose of ESU's concentration to provide students with a structured curriculum and the rigorous background they need to gain entrance to physical therapy graduate schools. ESU has an established internship program with several physical therapy clinics, providing students with at least 300 hours of experience working alongside a practicing physical therapist.

Are you interested in...

• Helping others
• Exercising
• Advocating good health practices

Choose Biology / Pre-Physical Therapy at ESU

• Small advanced class size
• Well-equipped laboratories
• Practical field experiences
• Qualified, experienced faculty

Is Biology / Pre-Physical Therapy a career path for me?

Career Potential

• Physical therapist
• Rehabilitative therapist

Career Settings

• Rehabilitation centers
• Hospitals
• Medical clinics

More detailed career information is available from the department

Bachelor of Science in Biology - Concentration: Pre-Physical Therapy

• 74 semester hours

  Coordinator: Professor Richard F. Pekala

  • Required major courses: BIOL 111,112, 114, 115, 200, 331, 340, 410, 495, 496 and a minimum of eleven (11) additional semester hours in Biological Sciences except for BIOL 103, 105, 106 (cannot include more than six credits in BIOL 484 plus 486)
  • Corequisite courses: CHEM 121, 123, 124, 126, 233, 234, 235, 236; PHYS 131, 132; and three courses in mathematics or two courses in mathematics and one course in computer science (MATH 100, 101, or 105 not accepted).
  • Required quality point average: 2.25 or greater for courses in Biological Sciences. At least one half (22) of the credit hours required in biology must be completed at East Stroudsburg University.
  • Please see the university requirements in this catalog.

• Program Curriculum Plan

  • (Subject to change by the university without notice)

    Required Biology Courses	32SH
    BIOL 111: Human Anatomy and Physiology I	4SH
    BIOL 112: Human Anatomy and Physiology II	4SH
    BIOL 114: Introductory Biology I	4SH
    BIOL 115: Introductory Biology II	4SH
    BIOL 200: General Ecology	3SH
    BIOL 331: Genetics	3SH
    BIOL 340: Animal Physiology or BIOL 422: Plant Physiology	4SH
    BIOL 410: Histology	4SH
    BIOL 495: Seminar I	1SH
    BIOL 496: Seminar II	1SH
    Biology Electives	11SH
    Corequisite Courses
    Chemistry	16SH
    CHEM 121: Introductory Chemistry I	3SH
    CHEM 123: Introductory Chemistry I Lab	1SH
    CHEM 124: Introductory Chemistry II	3SH
    CHEM 126: Introductory Chemistry II Lab	1SH
    CHEM 233: Organic Chemistry I	3SH
    CHEM 234: Organic Chemistry II	3SH
    CHEM 235: Organic Chemistry I Lab	1SH
    CHEM 236: Organic Chemistry II Lab	1SH
    Physics	8SH
    PHYS 131: Fundamental Physics I	4SH
    PHYS 132: Fundamental Physics II	4SH
    Mathematics and Computer Science	9SH
    Three courses in mathematics or two courses in mathematics and one course in computer science
    Not Accepted: MATH 90, 100, 101, 105
    Suggested Courses:
    MATH 110: General Statistics I	3SH
    MATH 135: Pre-Calculus	3SH
    MATH 131: Applied Calculus	3SH
    MATH 140: Calculus with Analytic Geometry I	3SH
    MATH 141: Calculus with Analytic Geometry II	3SH
    MATH 316 Biometry	3SH
    CPSC 101: PC's and their uses in the Sciences	3SH

    For more information, contact the department by calling 570-422-3725 or visit our website www.esu.edu/biol

Professional Opportunities in Biology

• The major vocational areas in which a degree with a major in biology may be of value are in academic biology, the health professions, commercial research opportunities, technical sales and management; in addition, certain forms of law practice, technical writing, editing and illustrations as well as some elements of government service offer careers.

  No matter what vocation the graduate may elect to enter, a background in science will provide certain analytical, technical, and communication skills that are useful for a lifetime.

Faculty

• Program Coordinator:

  Richard Pekala (rpekala@po-box.esu.edu)

  Professors:

  Kathleen Brunkard (kbrunkard@po-box.esu.edu)

  Jane Huffman (jhuffman@po-box.esu.edu)

  Terry Master (tmaster@po-box.esu.edu)

  Associate Professors:

  Abdalla Aldras (aaldras@po-box.esu.edu)

  Thomas LaDuke (tcladuke@po-box.esu.edu)

  Raymond Milewski (rmilewski@po-box.esu.edu)

  Matthew Wallace (mwallace@po-box.esu.edu)

  Howard Whidden (hwhidden@po-box.esu.edu)

  Assistant Professors:

  James Hunt (jhunt@po-box.esu.edu)

  Maria Kitchens-Kintz, chair (mkitchens@po-box.esu.edu)

  John Smith (johnsmith@po-box.esu.edu)

  Jennifer White (jwhite@po-box.esu.edu)

  Tracy Whitford (twhitford@po-box.esu.edu)

  Paul Wilson (pwilson@po-box.esu.edu)

College of Arts and Sciences

The Faculty of Science

Moore Biology Hall, Room 127

570-422-3725......www.esu.edu/biol

About the Program

This concentration prepares students for post-graduate studies leading to licensing as a physician assistant. Students complete a Biology major with a concentration in Pre-PA studies, which includes additional requirements intended to provide background necessary for admission into a graduate program. Students also obtain hundreds of hours of clinical experience outside the classroom.

Are you interested in...

• Health care
• Working with people
• Helping others

Choose Biology / Pre-Physician Assistant at ESU

• Small advanced class size
• Well-equipped laboratories
• Practical field experiences
• Qualified, experienced faculty

Is Biology / Pre-Physician Assistant a career path for me?

Career Potential

• Physician Assistant

Career Settings

• Physician's office
• Hospital
• Medical clinic
• Private care facility

More detailed career information is available from the department.

Bachelor of Science in Biology - Concentration: Pre-Physician Assistant

• 77 semester hours

  Coordinator: Professor Jennifer L. White

  • Required major courses: BIOL 111, 112, 114, 115, 200, 330, 331, 340, 410, 495, 496, and an additional 5 semester hours of biology electives except BIOL 103, 105, 106.
  • Corequisite courses: CHEM 121, 123, 124, 126, 233, 234, 235, 236; PHYS 131 or 161, 132 or 162; three courses in Mathematics or two courses in Mathematics and one in Computer Science (MATH 100, 101, 105 not accepted)
  • A minimum grade of "C" is required in all required, corequisite and directed GE courses.

  Required quality point average: 3.3 or greater in required and corequisite courses (excluding BIOL 480, 484, 485, 486, 494, 498) , 3.0 or greater overall. At least one half (22) of the credit hours required in biology must be completed at East Stroudsburg University.

  Students will be evaluated at the end of their junior year (after the sixth semester). Transfer students must meet the same academic standards for acceptance and college coursework.

  Freshmen must meet the following requirements:

  Entrance requirements:

  • Combined SAT score of 1100 or ACT Score of 24;
  • High school GPA of at least 3.0;
  • College-prep curriculum that includes four years of English, four years of mathematics, three years of science including biology and chemistry.
  • Class ranking in the top 40 percent; and
  • Permission of the Pre-PA coordinator.
  • Students will be evaluated after their junior year by the Pre-PA coordinator.

  The following are required to remain in the program:

  • Completion of the following required coursework: BIOL 114, 115; CHEM 121, 123, 124, 126, 233, 234, 235, 236; PHYS 131 or 161, 132 or 162; ENGL 162 or 203 or 204; PSY 100, 101; MATH 110, and 135 or 140.
  • A 3.3 QPA in required and corequisite coursework, 3.0 QPA overall.

  Qualified students choosing to remain in the concentration must:

  • Complete a diversity of clinical experiences, with hundreds of hours completed before the senior year.
  • Maintain the required GPA.
  • Interview with the Pre-PA coordinator in the spring of the junior year, to discuss grades, the application process, clinical experience, letters of recommendation, comments of internship sponsors, and registration for spring classes to complete graduation requirements.

  Students may receive a favorable recommendation from the Pre-PA coordinator by the application deadlines of area PA programs if they adhere to the above schedule. At the discretion of the Pre-PA coordinator, a student who fails to meet the standards for retention after the junior year may be placed on probationary status for one semester, during which all standards must be met for continuance. A minimum of 500 hours of clinical experience (direct patient care, shadowing, health related) must be completed by graduation. This may be accomplished through an internship (BIOL 486) subject to approval by the pre-PA coordinator.

  Health Profession Courses

  Students should plan to complete general chemistry, organic chemistry, physics, general biology, and anatomy and physiology by the close of the junior year. Other courses recommended for completion by this time are genetics, animal physiology, histology, comparative anatomy, ecology, microbiology, statistics, and pre-calculus..

  Clinical Experience

  Students will be evaluated at the end of their junior year. Several hundred hours of direct patient care or health-related experience in a hospital, clinic, senior care facility, etc., is required by the time of application to graduate programs.

• Program Curriculum Plan

  • (Subject to change by the university without notice)

    Freshman Year

    Fall

    BIOL 114: Introductory Biology I	4
    CHEM 121: General Chemistry I	3
    CHEM 123: General Chemistry I Lab	1
    ENGL 103: English Composition	3
    MATH 110: General Statistics	3
    Subtotal	14

    Spring

    BIOL 115: Introductory Biology II	4
    CHEM 124: General Chemistry II	3
    CHEM 126: General Chemistry II Lab	1
    ENGL 162/203 GE: (A) Literary Analysis/Advanced Composition	3
    MATH 135: Pre-Calculus	3
    General Education Elective - Social Science	3
    Subtotal	17

    Sophomore Year

    Fall

    BIOL 111: Human Anatomy and Physiology I	4
    CHEM 233: Organic Chemistry I	3
    CHEM 235: Organic Chemistry I Lab	1
    BIOL 330: Microbiology*	4
    CPSC 101: PC's and Their Uses in Science	3
    Subtotal	15

    Spring

    BIOL 112: Human Anatomy and Physiology II	4
    CHEM 234: Organic Chemistry II	3
    CHEM 236: Organic Chemistry II Lab	1
    General Education Elective - Humanities	3
    BIOL 200: Ecology	3
    Fitness Elective	1
    Subtotal	15

    Junior Year

    Fall

    PHYS 131: Fundamental Physics I	4
    BIOL 331: Genetics	3
    BIOL Biology Elective	3
    General Education Elective - Social Science	3
    General Education Elective - Humanities	3
    Subtotal	16

    Spring

    PHYS 132: Fundamental Physics II	4
    BIOL 340: Animal Physiology	4
    BIOL Biology Elective	3
    PSY 100: General Psychology	3
    Fitness Elective	1
    Subtotal	15

    Senior Year

    Fall

    BIOL 410: Histology*	4
    BIOL Biology Elective	3
    BIOL 495: Seminar I	1
    General Education Elective - Humanities	3
    General Education Elective - Social Science	3
    Subtotal	14

    Spring

    BIOL Biology Elective		4
    BIOL 496: Seminar II		1
    General Education Elective - Humanities		3
    General Education Elective - Social Science		3
    General Education Elective - Social Science		3
    Subtotal		14
    Total Credits	120

    Biology electives – at least 5 credits; *Course is typically offered once per year.

    For more information, contact the department by calling 570-422-3725 or visit www.esu.edu/biol

Professional Opportunities in Biology

• The major vocational areas in which a degree with a major in biology may be of value are in academic biology, the health professions, commercial research opportunities, technical sales and management; in addition, certain forms of law practice, technical writing, editing and illustrations as well as some elements of government service offer careers.

  Finally, no matter what vocation the graduate may elect to enter, a background in science will provide certain analytical, technical, and communication skills that are useful for a lifetime.

Faculty

• Program Coordinator:

  Jennifer White (jwhite@po-box.esu.edu)

  Professors:

  Richard Pekala (rpekala@po-box.esu.edu)

  Kathleen Brunkard (kbrunkard@po-box.esu.edu)

  Jane Huffman (jhuffman@po-box.esu.edu)

  Terry Master (tmaster@po-box.esu.edu)

  Associate Professors:

  Abdalla Aldras (aaldras@po-box.esu.edu)

  Thomas LaDuke (tcladuke@po-box.esu.edu)

  Raymond Milewski (rmilewski@po-box.esu.edu)

  Matthew Wallace (mwallace@po-box.esu.edu)

  Howard Whidden (hwhidden@po-box.esu.edu)

  Assistant Professors:

  James Hunt (jhunt@po-box.esu.edu)

  Maria Kitchens-Kintz, chair (mkitchens@po-box.esu.edu)

  John Smith (johnsmith@po-box.esu.edu)

  Tracy Whitford (twhitford@po-box.esu.edu)

  Jennifer White (jwhite@po-box.esu.edu)

  Paul Wilson (pwilson@po-box.esu.edu)

College of Arts and Sciences

The Faculty of Science

Moore Biology Hall, Room 12

570-422-3725......www.esu.edu/biol

About the Program

This program developed as a response to student interest and the need for qualified, well-trained graduates in the emerging field of biotechnology, and is one of the first of its kind in Pennsylvania. It serves the need of northeast Pennsylvania, northwestern New Jersey and the Lehigh Valley, where there is an accelerating growth of biotechnology clusters. This gives the department a chance to be a leader in this field. The powerful tools of biotechnology have revolutionized medicine, agriculture, and environmental protection.

Are you interested in...

• Biology
• Technology

Choose Biotechnology at ESU

• Small advanced class size
• Well-equipped laboratories
• Practical field experiences
• Qualified, experienced faculty

Is Biotechnology a career path for me?

Career Potential

• Biotechnologist
• DNA researcher
• Quality control manager

Career Settings

• Hospitals
• Pharmaceutical companies
• Universities and colleges

More detailed career information is available from the department.

Bachelor of Science in Biotechnology

• 85 semester hours

  Coordinator: Professor Abdalla M. Aldras

  • Required major courses: BIOL 114, 115, 200, 281, 330, 331, 340 or 422, 380, 430, 437, 439, 465, 477, 495, 496, and a minimum of seven additional semester hours from BIOL 410, 411, 414, 419, 424, 429, 434, 449, 480.
  • Corequisite courses: CHEM 121, 123, 124, 126, 233, 234, 235, 236, 315, 317; three courses in MATH or two courses in MATH and one in CPSC (MATH 090, 100, 101, or 105 not accepted); PHYS 131, 132 or PHYS 161,162.
  • Required quality point average: Minimum QPA of 2.50 overall
  • Please see the university requirements in this catalog.

  Theory and practical training

  The program is designed to provide students with an in-depth experience and understanding of methods, techniques and instrumentation used in biotechnology. Applications are broad, and include human health, plant and animal agriculture, and environmental bioremediation. The core courses of this program combine theory and practical training. Techniques such as electrophoresis, ELISA, western blotting, PCR, DNA fingerprinting, cell culture, transformation and monoclonal antibody production will be covered

  Transfer Students

  Many students transfer from community colleges and other universities. We welcome your inquiries. More information about credit course transfers is available from the Office of Admissions, 877-230-5547.

• Program Curriculum Plan

  • (Subject to change by the university without notice)

    Freshman Year

    Fall

    BIOL 114: Introductory Biology I	4
    CHEM 121: General Chemistry I	3
    CHEM 123: General Chemistry I Lab	1
    MATH 135: Pre-Calculus	3
    General Education	3
    Subtotal	14

    Spring

    BIOL 115: Introductory Biology II	4
    CHEM 124: General Chemistry II	3
    CHEM 126: General Chemistry II Lab	1
    ENGL 103: English Composition	3
    General Education Elective	3
    Subtotal	14

    Sophomore Year

    Fall

    BIOL 331: Genetics	3
    BIOL 281: Introduction to Biotechnology	3
    CHEM 233: Organic Chemistry I	3
    CHEM 235: Organic Chemistry I Lab	1
    General Education	3
    Fitness	1
    Subtotal	15

    Spring

    BIOL 200: General Ecology	3
    CHEM 234: Organic Chemistry II	3
    CHEM 236: Organic Chemistry II Lab	1
    MATH 110: Statistics	3
    General Education	6
    Subtotal	16

    Junior Year

    Fall

    PHYS 131: Fundamental Physics I	4
    BIOL 330: Microbiology	4
    BIOL 340: Animal Physiology or BIOL 422: Plant Physiology	4
    General Education	3
    Subtotal	15

    Spring

    PHYS 132: Fundamental Physics II	4
    BIOL 430: Applied Microbiology	4
    BIOL Biology Elective	3-4
    BIOL 380: Cell Culture	2
    General Education	3
    Subtotal	16-17

    Senior Year

    Fall

    BIOL 495: Seminar I	1
    BIOL Biology Elective	3-4
    CHEM 315: Biochemistry	3
    CHEM 317: Biochemistry I Lab	1
    General Education	6
    Subtotal	14-15

    Spring

    CPSC 101: PC's and Their Uses in Science	3
    BIOL 437: Immunology	3
    BIOL 465: Immunology Lab	1
    BIOL 439: Molecular Biology	3
    BIOL 477: Molecular Biology Lan	1
    BIOL 496: Seminar II	1
    General Education	3
    Fitness	1
    Subtotal	16
    Total Credits	120

    For more information, contact the department by calling 570-422-3725 or visit www.esu.edu/biol

Professional Opportunities in Biology

• The major vocational areas in which a degree with a major in biology may be of value are in academic biology, the health professions, commercial research opportunities, technical sales and management; in addition, certain forms of law practice, technical writing, editing and illustrations as well as some elements of government service, particularly those dealing with both foreign and domestic resource management, offer careers.

  Finally, no matter what vocation the graduate may elect to enter, a background in science will provide certain analytical, technical, and communication skills that are useful for a lifetime.

Faculty

• Program Coordinator:

  Abdalla Aldras (aaldras@po-box.esu.edu)

  Professors:

  Richard Pekala (rpekala@po-box.esu.edu)

  Kathleen Brunkard (kbrunkard@po-box.esu.edu)

  Jane Huffman (jhuffman@po-box.esu.edu)

  Terry Master (tmaster@po-box.esu.edu)

  Associate Professors:

  Thomas LaDuke (tcladuke@po-box.esu.edu)

  Raymond Milewski (rmilewski@po-box.esu.edu)

  Matthew Wallace (mwallace@po-box.esu.edu)

  Howard Whidden (hwhidden@po-box.esu.edu)

  Assistant Professors:

  James Hunt (jhunt@po-box.esu.edu)

  Maria Kitchens-Kintz, chair (mkitchens@po-box.esu.edu)

  John Smith (johnsmith@po-box.esu.edu)

  Jennifer White (jwhite@po-box.esu.edu)

  Tracy Whitford (twhitford@po-box.esu.edu)

  Paul Wilson (pwilson@po-box.esu.edu)

College of Arts and Sciences

The Faculty of Science

Moore Biology Hall, Room 127

570-422-3725......www.esu.edu/biol

About the Programs

A Bachelor of Arts degree in Environmental Studies is a good choice for those who plan to enter fields such as law, journalism, public policy or business. The course requirements for a Bachelor of Arts in Environmental Studies leave more room for a double major in a non-science field. A Bachelor of Science in Environmental Studies is the best choice for those who plan on working as environmental consultants, in conservation districts, state and federal environmental agencies, non-governmental organizations or plan on attending graduate school.

Are you interested in...

• Protecting the environment
• Observing the relationships between living things

Choose Environmental Studies at ESU

• Small advanced class size
• State-of-the-art field equipment
• Practical field experiences
• Qualified, experienced faculty

Is environmental studies a career path for me?

Career Potential

• Environmental coordinator
• Environmental advocacy
• Soil and water conservationist
• Environmental consultant
• Waste water management
• Wildlife ecology

Career Settings

• Government
• Energy firms
• Construction business
• Law firms
• Consulting firms

More detailed career information is available from the department.

Bachelor of Arts in Environmental Studies

• 74-84 semester hours

  Coordinator: Professor Paul Wilson

  • Required major courses: BIOL 114, 115, 210, 463, 484, 497, two of the following (BIOL 200, 220, 221), and five additional courses in a single discipline numbered 300 or higher, approved by the advisor.
  • Corequisite courses: CHEM 108 (or CHEM 121, 123), CPSC 101, MATH 110, PHYS 117 or 118, GEOG 120, 121, CMST 111, ENGL 177, POLS 211, 314, HLTH 230
  • Additional requirements: A maximum of 6 hours of internship credit (BIOL 484) will be applied to the degree.
  • Required quality point average: 2.25 or greater for courses in Biological Sciences. At least one half (14) of the credit hours in biology must be completed at East Stroudsburg University.
  • Please see the Foreign Language Competency Requirement.
  • Please see the university requirements in this catalog.

• Program Curriculum Plan

  • (Subject to change by the university without notice)

    Freshman Year

    Fall

    BIOL 114: Introductory Biology I	4
    CHEM 108: Environmental Chemistry or CHEM 121+123 General Chemistry I and Lab	3-4
    ENGL 103: English Composition	3
    GEOG 120: Physical Geography	3
    Subtotal	13-14

    Spring

    BIOL 115: Introductory Biology II	4
    BIOL 210: Environment Biology	3
    MATH 110: General Statistics	3
    Fitness Elective	1
    PHYS 117: Energy or PHYS 118: Solar Energy	3
    Subtotal	14

    Sophomore Year

    Fall

    BIOL 200: General Ecology or BIOL 221: Field Zoology	3
    CMST 111: Speech	3
    ENGL 177: Environmental Literature	3
    Foreign Language	3
    General Education Elective - Humanities	3
    Subtotal	15

    Spring

    BIOL 200: General Ecology or BIOL 221: Field Zoology	3
    General Education Elective – Social Science	3
    Biology elective (upper division)	3-4
    POLS 211: American Government	3
    General Education Elective - Humanities	3
    Subtotal	15-16

    Junior Year

    Fall

    Biology Elective (upper division)	3-4
    General Education Elective - Humanities	3
    General Education Elective - Social Science	3
    POLS 314: State and Local Government	3
    Free Elective	3
    Subtotal	15-16

    Spring

    BIOL 484: Environmental Studies Field Experience and Internship	1-10
    General Education Elective - Social Science	3
    Fitness Elective	1
    Subtotal	7-14

    Senior Year

    Fall

    Biology Elective (upper division)	3-4
    Biology Elective (upper division)	3-4
    BIOL 497 Environmental Studies Seminar	1
    Free Elective	3
    GEOG 121: Physical Geology	3
    Subtotal	13-15

    Spring

    Biology Elective (upper division)	3-4
    BIOL 463 Conservation Biology	4
    HLTH 230 Community Health	3
    Free Elective	3
    Free Elective	3
    Subtotal	16-17
    Total Minimum Credits	109

Bachelor of Science in Environmental Studies

• 48-54 semester hours

  Coordinator: Professor Paul Wilson

  • Required major courses: BIOL 114, 115, 210, 322, 330, 463, 484, 497, one field ecology course (BIOL 200, 220, or 221), one plant course (BIOL 320, 422, 423, or BIOM 461), one aquatic course (BIOL 440, 443, 446, or 460), one animal course (BIOL 325, 333, 425, 448, 451, 462 or 466 ) and one additional course at the 300+ level approved by the advisor.
  • Co-requisite courses: CHEM 121, 123, 124, 126, 373; MATH 110; PHYS 117 or 118, GEOG 120, 121, 341, CMST 111, POLS 211.
  • Additional Requirements: A maximum of 10 hours of internship credit (BIOL 484) will be applied to the degree.
  • Required quality point average: 2.25 or greater for courses in Biological Sciences. At least one half (17) of the credit hours in biology must be completed at East Stroudsburg University.
  • Please see the Foreign Language Competency Requirement.
  • Please see the university requirements in this catalog.

  Note: Students planning to attend graduate school in this field should also take CHEM 233, 234, 235, 236; PHYS 131, 132. These programs offer a unique opportunity to select individualized programs from a wide variety of electives in several disciplines. Each student is required to complete a field experience or internship in the senior year. Credits for internships are arranged individually with one credit earned for each full time (40 hour) work week. Interns have served with park departments, state and federal wildlife agencies, water and sewer treatment plants, and a variety of government conservation agencies both in the United States and abroad.

• Program Curriculum Plan

  • (Subject to change by the university without notice)

    Freshman Year

    Fall

    BIOL 114: Introductory Biology I	4
    CHEM 121: General Chemistry I	3
    CHEM 123: General Chemistry I Lab	1
    ENGL 103: English Composition	3
    CPSC 101: Personal Computers and Their Uses in Science	3
    Fitness Elective	1
    Subtotal	15

    Spring

    BIOL 115: Introductory Biology II	4
    CHEM 124: General Chemistry II	3
    CHEM 126: General Chemistry II Lab	1
    BIOL 210: Environmental Biology	3
    MATH 110: General Statistics	3
    General Education Elective - Humanities	3
    Subtotal	17

    Sophomore Year

    Fall

    BIOL 200, 220 or 221 – Field Course	3
    CMST 111: Speech	3
    GEOG 120: Physical Geography	3
    General Education Elective - Social Science	3
    General Education Elective - Humanities	3
    Subtotal	15

    Spring

    GEOG 121: Physical Geography	3
    General Education Elective – Social Science	3
    Biology Elective (plant, aquatic, animal or field)	3-4
    POLS 211: American Government	3
    General Education Elective - Humanities	3
    Subtotal	15-16

    Junior Year

    Fall

    Biology Elective (plant, aquatic, animal or field)	3-4
    General Education Elective - Humanities	3
    General Education Elective - Social Science	3
    PHYS 117: Energy or PHYS 118: Solar Energy	3
    Free Elective	3
    Subtotal	15-16

    Spring

    BIOL 484: Environmental Studies Field Experience and Internship and/or BIOL 494: Research in Biology	1-6
    BIOL 322: Plant Responses to Environmental Stress	3
    Fitness Elective	1
    GEOG 341: Geographic Information System	3
    Free Elective	3
    Subtotal	11-16

    Senior Year

    Fall

    Biology Elective (plant, aquatic, animal or field)	3-4
    BIOL 330: Microbiology	3-4
    BIOL 497: Environmental Studies Seminar	1
    Free Elective	3
    Free Elective	3
    Subtotal	14-15

    Spring

    Biology Elective (upper division)	3-4
    BIOL 463: Conservation Biology	4
    CHEM 373: Environmental Quality Chemistry	4
    Free Elective	3
    Subtotal	14-15

    Total Minimum Credits

    116

    For more information, contact the department by calling 570-422-3725 or visit our website www.esu.edu/biol

Professional Opportunities in Biology

• A degree with a major in biology may be of value in academic biology, the health professions, commercial research opportunities, technical sales and management; in addition, certain forms of law practice, technical writing, editing and illustrations as well as some elements of government service offer careers.

  No matter what vocation, a background in science will provide certain analytical, technical, and communication skills that are useful for a lifetime.

Faculty

• Program Coordinator:

  Paul Wilson (pwilson@po-box.esu.edu)

  Professors:

  Richard Pekala (rpekala@po-box.esu.edu)

  Kathleen Brunkard (kbrunkard@po-box.esu.edu)

  Jane Huffman (jhuffman@po-box.esu.edu)

  Terry Master (tmaster@po-box.esu.edu)

  Associate Professors:

  Abdalla Aldras (aaldras@po-box.esu.edu)

  Thomas LaDuke (tcladuke@po-box.esu.edu)

  Raymond Milewski (rmilewski@po-box.esu.edu)

  Matthew Wallace (mwallace@po-box.esu.edu)

  Howard Whidden (hwhidden@po-box.esu.edu)

  Assistant Professors:

  James Hunt (jhunt@po-box.esu.edu)

  Maria Kitchens-Kintz, chair (mkitchens@po-box.esu.edu)

  John Smith (johnsmith@po-box.esu.edu)

  Jennifer White (jwhite@po-box.esu.edu)

  Tracy Whitford (twhitford@po-box.esu.edu)

College of Arts and Sciences

The Faculty of Science

Moore Biology Hall, Room 127

570-422-3725......www.esu.edu/biol

About the Program

The Bachelor of Science in Marine Science program offers field courses at the Marine Science Consortium at Wallops Island, Va. This degree prepares students for opportunities in government, aquaria, consulting, research laboratories, and to pursue advanced degrees.

Are you interested in...

• Protecting the environment
• Marine life
• Conducting research
• Organizing and maintaining data
• Performing experiments

Choose Marine Science at ESU

• Small advanced class sizes
• State-of-the-art field equipment
• Practical field experiences
• Protecting the environment

Is Marine Science a career path for me?

Career Potential

• Marine biology
• Oceanography
• Aquaculture

Career Settings

• Fisheries
• Conservations
• Aquariums
• Local and state government

More detailed career information is available from the department.

Bachelor of Science in Marine Science

• 63 semester hours

  Coordinator: Professor James C. Hunt

  • Required major courses: BIOL 114, 115, 288 (two semester hours), 460, 466, 467, 474, 498, and four courses in Marine Science taken at the Wallop's Island field station. No more than six credits of internship may be applied toward Biology requirements for this degree.
  • Corequisite courses: CHEM 121, 123, 124, 126, 233, 235; GEOG 121; MATH 110; PHYS 131, 132.
  • Other Requirement: At least one half (19) of the credit hours required in biology must be completed at East Stroudsburg University.
  • Please see the university requirements in this catalog.

  This is a directed degree program whereby students have an opportunity to acquire firsthand knowledge via field experiences at the Wallops Island Marine Station as well as in-depth training in the theoretical aspects of marine science.

  Field Experience

  Students have an opportunity to acquire firsthand knowledge via field experiences at the Marine Science Consortium at Wallops Island, Va., which maintains labs, which has classrooms, research vessels and equipment for studies of marine and coastal biology.

• Program Curriculum Plan

  • (Subject to change by the university without notice)

    Biology Courses	37SH
    Required Courses	25SH
    BIOL 114: Introductory Biology I	4SH
    BIOL 115: Introductory Biology II	4SH
    BIOL 288: Investigations in Marine Science	2SH
    BIOL 467: Fish Health Management	3SH
    BIOL 460: Marine Ecology	3SH
    BIOL 462: Marine Invertebrates or BIOL 466: Marine Ichthyology	3SH
    BIOL 474: Introduction to Oceanography	3SH
    BIOL 498: Research in Marine Science	3SH
    Biology Electives	12SH
    Four courses taken at our field station at Wallops Island, Va. Courses may include: Marine Biology, Behavior of Marine Organisms, Marine Botany, Marine Ichthyology, Marine Geology, Field Methods in Oceanography, Physiology of Marine Invertebrates, Coastal Vegetation, Tropical Invertebrates, Wetland Ecology, Marine Micropaleontology, Chemical Oceanography, Ecology of Marine Plankton, Anatomy of Marine Chordates, Marine Microbiology, Marine Ornithology, Marine Biology Cruise, and Marine Invertebrates.
    Corequisite Courses
    Chemistry	12SH
    CHEM 121: Introductory Chemistry I	3SH
    CHEM 123: Introductory Chemistry I Lab	1SH
    CHEM 124: Introductory Chemistry II	3SH
    CHEM 126: Introductory Chemistry II Lab	1SH
    CHEM 233: Organic Chemistry I	3SH
    CHEM 235: Organic Chemistry I Lab	1SH
    Physics	8SH
    PHYS 131: Fundamental Physics I	4SH
    PHYS 132: Fundamental Physics II	4SH
    Mathematics and Computer Science	3SH
    MATH 110: General Statistics I	3SH
    Geography	3SH
    GEOG 121: Physical Geology	3SH
    Recommended Courses
    CHEM 234: Organic Chemistry II	3SH
    CHEM 236: Organic Chemistry II Lab	1SH
    MATH 135: Pre-Calculus	3SH
    MATH 131: Applied Calculus	3SH
    MATH 140: Calculus with Analytic Geometry I	3SH
    MATH 141: Calculus with Analytic Geometry II	3SH
    CPSC 101: PC's and their uses in Sciences	3SH

    NOTE: Most Marine Science majors earn a dual major in one of the following majors: Biology, Environmental Studies, Biochemistry, Chemistry, or Computer Science. It is also recommended to take two or more courses in physiology, genetics, and/or biochemistry.

    For more information, contact the department by calling 570-422-3725 or visit www.esu.edu/biol

Professional Opportunities in Biology

• The major vocational areas in which a degree with a major in biology may be of value are in academic biology, the health professions, commercial research opportunities, technical sales and management; in addition, certain forms of law practice, technical writing, editing and illustrations as well as some elements of government service, particularly those dealing with both foreign and domestic resource management, offer careers. Finally, no matter what vocation the graduate may elect to enter, a background in science will provide certain analytical, technical, and communication skills that are useful for a lifetime.

Faculty

• Program Director:

  James C. Hunt (jhunt@po-box.esu.edu)

  Professors:

  Richard Pekala (rpekala@po-box.esu.edu)

  Kathleen Brunkard (kbrunkard@po-box.esu.edu)

  Jane Huffman (jhuffman@po-box.esu.edu)

  Terry Master (tmaster@po-box.esu.edu)

  Associate Professors:

  Abdalla Aldras (aaldras@po-box.esu.edu)

  Thomas LaDuke (tcladuke@po-box.esu.edu)

  Raymond Milewski (rmilewski@po-box.esu.edu)

  Matthew Wallace (mwallace@po-box.esu.edu)

  Howard Whidden (hwhidden@po-box.esu.edu)

  Assistant Professors:

  Maria Kitchens-Kintz, chair (mkitchens@po-box.esu.edu)

  John Smith (johnsmith@po-box.esu.edu)

  Jennifer White (jwhite@po-box.esu.edu)

  Tracy Whitford (twhitford@po-box.esu.edu)

  Paul Wilson (pwilson@po-box.esu.edu)

College of Arts and Sciences

The Faculty of Science

Moore Biology Hall, Room 127

570-422-3725......www.esu.edu/biol

About the Program

The Medical Technology program, also known as Clinical Laboratory Science, prepares students in fundamental and clinical laboratory sciences for careers in diagnostic laboratories. The medical technologist uses state-of-the-art technology to perform analysis of patient samples (blood and other materials) that are useful in detecting and/or treating diseases. Graduates of this program have a firm foundation enabling them to pursue graduate study for many advanced or alternative career paths. The curriculum includes 98 credit hours (three academic years) at ESU followed by a calendar year internship in a hospital clinical program accredited by the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS).

Are you interested in...

• Versatility
• Mobility

Choose Medical Technology at ESU

• Small advanced class sizes
• Well-equipped laboratories
• Qualified, experienced faculty
• Personalized attention

Is Medical Technology a career path for me?

Career Potential

• Medical technologist

Career Settings

• Physician offices
• Clinics
• Hospitals
• Diagnostic centers

More detailed career information is available from the department.

Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology

• 62 semester hours

  Coordinator: Professor Abdalla M. Aldras

  • Required major courses: BIOL 111 and 112; 114, 280, 330, 410, 416, 424, 434, 437.
  • Corequisite courses: CHEM 121, 123, 124, 126, 233, 234, 235, 236, 315, 317; (one of the following courses, BIOL 312, 410, 414, 419, 424 429, 435, 436, or 492 may be substituted for CHEM 315 and 317); PHYS 131, 132; and CPSC 101, MATH 110,
  • Other Requirements: At least one half of the credit hours required in biology must be completed at East Stroudsburg University.
  • Please see the university requirements in this catalog.

  This degree program is designed for students who are preparing for careers in diagnostic laboratory medicine. It also prepares students for other roles in the health professions as well as the background necessary to pursue studies beyond the baccalaureate degree. A strong background in science as well as a personal interview is necessary for final admission.

  Enrollment is limited due to the availability of clinical facilities. Students are admitted to the program after completion of the freshman year with a quality point average of 2.5. The curriculum includes three academic years at East Stroudsburg University and a 12-month internship in a hospital laboratory approved by the American Society of Clinical Pathologists and the American Medical Association. The Bachelor of Science degree with a major in Medical Technology may be awarded upon completion of a minimum of 98 semester hours at East Stroudsburg University and the 12-month internship (32 semester hours allowed for this work).

  The curriculum

  The curriculum includes three academic years at ESU and a 12-month internship in a hospital laboratory approved by the American Society of Clinical Pathologists and the American Medical Association.

• Program Curriculum Plan

  • (Subject to change by the university without notice)

    Freshman Year

    Fall

    BIOL 111: Human Anatomy and Physiology I	4
    BIOL 114: Introductory Biology I	4
    CHEM 121: General Chemistry I	3
    CHEM 123: General Chemistry I Lab	1
    General Education	3
    Subtotal	15

    Spring

    BIOL 112: Human Anatomy and Physiology II	4
    CHEM 124: General Chemistry II	3
    CHEM 126: General Chemistry II Lab	1
    General Education	6
    Subtotal	14

    Sophomore Year

    Fall

    BIOL 330: Microbiology	4
    CHEM 233: Organic Chemistry I	3
    CHEM 235: Organic Chemistry I Lab	1
    ENGL 103: English Composition	3
    General Education	3
    Fitness Elective	1
    Subtotal	15

    Spring

    BIOL 331: Genetics	3
    CHEM 234: Organic Chemistry II	3
    CHEM 236: Organic Chemistry II Lab	1
    General Education	6
    MATH 110: General Statistic	3
    Subtotal	16

    Junior Year

    Fall

    BIOL 416: Parasitology	3
    BIOL 424: Mechanisms of Disease I	3
    General Education	6
    Fitness Elective	1
    Subtotal	13

    Spring

    BIOL 437: Immunology	3
    BIOL 439: Molecular Biology or BIOL 449: Cell Biology	3
    CPSC 101: PC's and thier uses in sciences	3
    General Education	6
    Subtotal	16

    Senior Year

    Fall-Spring

    Twelve-month internship in a hospital laboratory approved by the American Society of Clinical Pathologists and the American Medical Association		30-32
    Subtotal		30-32
    Total Credits	118-120

    For more information, contact the department by calling 570-422-3725 or visit www.esu.edu/biol

Professional Opportunities in Biology

• The major vocational areas in which a degree with a major in biology may be of value are in academic biology, the health professions, commercial research opportunities, technical sales and management; in addition, certain forms of law practice, technical writing, editing and illustrations as well as some elements of government service, particularly those dealing with both foreign and domestic resource management, offer careers.

  Finally, no matter what vocation the graduate may elect to enter, a background in science will provide certain analytical, technical, and communication skills that are useful for a lifetime.

Faculty

• Program Coordinator:

  Abdalla Aldras (aaldras@po-box.esu.edu)

  Professors:

  Richard Pekala (rpekala@po-box.esu.edu)

  Kathleen Brunkard (kbrunkard@po-box.esu.edu)

  Jane Huffman (jhuffman@po-box.esu.edu)

  Terry Master (tmaster@po-box.esu.edu)

  Associate Professors:

  Thomas LaDuke (tcladuke@po-box.esu.edu)

  Raymond Milewski (rmilewski@po-box.esu.edu)

  Matthew Wallace (mwallace@po-box.esu.edu)

  Howard Whidden (hwhidden@po-box.esu.edu)

  Assistant Professors:

  James Hunt (jhunt@po-box.esu.edu)

  Maria Kitchens-Kintz, chair (mkitchens@po-box.esu.edu)

  John Smith (johnsmith@po-box.esu.edu)

  Jennifer White (jwhite@po-box.esu.edu)

  Tracy Whitford (twhitford@po-box.esu.edu)

  Paul Wilson (pwilson@po-box.esu.edu)

BIOL 103 GE: Forensic Biology (3)

• This course is a study of the application of biology to solve crimes. The student will learn the significance of biological samples of forensic relevance, such as blood, semen, hair, and saliva in terms of their biological properties and the evidential information that can be obtained from them. The course will explore the applications of molecular biology and genetics in areas such as DNA profiling, protein polymorphisms and immunological tests. The course will also investigate the roles of entomology in post mortem examinations, forensic botany, and palynology. For non-majors only.

BIOL 104 GE: Human Ecology (3)

• This course is an ecological study of human impact on the environment; how past and present practices by man will influence the planet's future; discussion of population, pollution, and attitudes affecting ecosystem balance and stability; special interest groups or action groups may be organized at the option of the instructor.

BIOL 105 GE: General Biology (3)

• This course is an introduction to a broad spectrum of biological topics and to the scientific methods used in studying biology. The course will investigate the structure and function of animals and plants and will include information on current topics such as genetics, ecology, and evolution. This course cannot be used for credit toward a biology major.

BIOL 106 GE: Insects and Human Life (3)

• This course is designed to teach the principles of biological science by utilizing examples of insects and their interactions with humans. Interesting examples of insects throughout the world will be cited in discussion of biological evolution, morphology, physiology, diversity, systematics, behavior, reproduction, and ecological interactions. Live and preserved specimens will be used. This course cannot be used for credit toward a Biological Sciences major.

BIOL 111 GE: Human Anatomy and Physiology I (4)

• This is an introductory course in Human Anatomy and Physiology for Physical Education, Nursing, and Pre-Med majors. Systems of the body will be covered from a structural and functional standpoint. The topics covered in lab and lecture will be epithelium, connective tissues, bones, muscles, nervous system, special senses, and the endocrine glands.

BIOL 112 GE: Human Anatomy and Physiology II (4)

• This is the continuation of the course Human Anatomy and Physiology I and is designed for Nursing, Physical Education, and Pre-Med majors. Additional systems of the body will be covered from a structural and functional standpoint. Topics covered will be the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system, reproductive system, and the fetal systems. Prerequisite: BIOL 111.

BIOL 114 GE: Introductory Biology I (4)

• Introductory Biology I is a comprehensive course in biology which covers basic concepts in classical and modern biological thought. Topics focus on the central principles of structure and function of the cell, metabolism, genetics, protein synthesis, and concepts of evolution and ecology.

BIOL 115 GE: Introductory Biology II (4)

• Introductory Biology II is a continuation of Introductory Biology I. Topics to be discussed include classification schemes, plant and animal anatomy, and systemic physiology. The course has been designed to provide the student with a sound foundation in Biology for advanced studies in this field. Prerequisite: BIOL 114.

BIOL 200 General Ecology (3)

• This course is a study of interrelationships of plants and animals and their environments; the influences of heat, light, air, soil, water, and biotic factors; associations and successions; habitat types; populations, equilibrium, and predator-prey relationships. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115.

BIOL 210 GE: Environmental Biology (3)

• This course is required for Environmental Studies majors and is also intended for those with concentrations in the field of medical studies. It will follow an ecosystems approach to ecology as related to humans. Emphasis will be placed on discrete ecological principles which affect local and global environments. Prerequisite: BIOL 104 or BIOL 114.

BIOL 220 Field Botany (3)

• This course includes field studies in identification and classification of native and cultivated plants of the area and special instruction in the use and preparation of keys to the identification of herbs, shrubs, trees, ferns, bryophytes, and algae. Phylogenetic and taxonomic relationships of the plant groups will be explored.

BIOL 221 Field Zoology (3)

• This course is a general study of animal groups found in the region; field technique, trapping, tagging, and population studies; amphibia, reptiles, birds of prey, and mammals. Class discussion of wildlife conservation and man's role in nature are included. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115.

BIOL 280 Laboratory Medicine Seminar (1)

• Selected topics in Laboratory Medicine will be discussed and analyzed by the students. Emphasis is placed upon recent developments, and students are expected to orally report upon at least one contemporary aspect of Laboratory Medicine. Invited speakers as well as field trips to various laboratory facilities will be an integral part of the course. Prerequisites: BIOL 102, 114, 115.

BIOL 281 Introduction to Biotechnology (3)

• This course is intended to introduce the students to the fundamental concepts needed for a thorough understanding of biotechnology and its applications. It provides an overview of the objectives, techniques, and problems related to the application of biotechnology in different fields. Major subjects addressed include medical biotechnology, pharmaceutical development, agriculture applications, and environmental applications. Also discussed will be ethical issues and their implication in the new biotechnological advances. Updates to the new breakthroughs and discoveries will be emphasized. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115.

BIOL 288 Investigations in Marine Science (1)

• Selected topics in Marine Science will vary depending on the individual needs of the students and the relevant literature. The course may be repeated, for which additional work will be required.

BIOL 290 Special Topics (Semester hours arranged)

• These courses are designed to meet specific needs of groups of students or are offered on a trial basis in order to determine the demand for and value of introducing them as part of the college curriculum.

BIOL 310 Histotechnology (3)

• This is a laboratory course considering the preparation of animal tissues for microscopic study. Methods of sectioning and staining for both histological and cytological study are stressed. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115.

BIOL 311 Embryology (3)

• This course examines the processes involved in the development of animals through study of fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, formation of appendages, origin of organs, and the process of differentiation. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115.

BIOL 312 Principles of Neural Science (3)

• Principles of Neural Science will provide an added dimension to students interested in knowing more about the nervous system of man. This course will complement the courses in Anatomy and Physiology as well as Mechanisms of Disease. Prerequisites: BIOL 111, 112, 114, 115; CHEM 233.

BIOL 315 Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy (4)

• This course deals with evolutionary and functional aspects of vertebrate anatomy. A series of vertebrates will be dissected in order to demonstrate the evolutionary development of anatomical systems. The physiological, ecological, and behavioral significance of anatomical characteristics observed in laboratory will be the topic of lecture sessions providing a synthesis of these biological disciplines within an evolutionary framework. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115.

BIOL 316 Principles of Systematics (3)

• An introduction to taxonomy and systematics, this course focuses on the history and practice of classifying organisms and the applications of taxonomy and systematics to modern organismal and molecular biology. Particular emphasis is placed on the reconstruction of the evolutionary histories of organisms and their impact on higher taxonomic groups. Topics include species concepts, delineation of taxonomic categories, methods of inferring phylogenies, methods and rules of taxonomic nomenclature, and problems associated with natural variation and fossil species.

BIOL 320 Plant Morphology (3)

• This course is primarily a study of the classification, general characteristics, and life cycles of the major plant divisions. The student becomes acquainted with representative mosses, liverworts, ferns, fern allies, and gymnosperms. The general ecology and economic values of the plant groups are investigated. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115.

BIOL 321 Plant Pathology (3)

• This course is an introduction to the study of plant disease. Discussion consists of the kinds of disease in plants, the agents causing them, and factors which influence disease development with special emphasis on symptomatology and disease control. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115.

BIOL 322 Plant Responses to Environmental Stress (4)

• As plants are developing and reproducing they are often subjected to environmental stress, which can be quite severe. Temperature extremes, drought, flooding, unavailability of nutrients, toxic minerals, and airborne pollutants are examples of such stress factors. This course deals with the symptoms of stress and the mechanisms by which some plants overcome these problems. Lab exercises provide experience in applying appropriate methods to the study of stress effects and plant responses. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115; CHEM 121, 123, 124, 126

BIOL 325 Ornithology (4)

• The emphasis in this course is introductory in nature; consequently, all aspects of ornithology will be discussed with an emphasis on evolution, ecology, behavior, and adaptation. In the laboratory, field identification and behavioral observation of birds of the eastern United States will be stressed through field trips to local and regional parks and refugees. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115.

BIOL 326 Winter Birds of Florida (3)

• Three weeks of intensive field study in Florida will provide undergraduate students with in-depth knowledge of Subtropical American fauna. The emphasis is placed on bird study with hundreds of species located in bays, rivers, and estuarine areas from Tampa Bay to Key West. Camping out will be the means of accommodation throughout the course. Students are expected to provide their own transportation and gear. Offered on demand. Prerequisites: BIOL 104 or 114 and 115.

BIOL 330 Microbiology (4)

• This course is a study of microscopic forms of life with emphasis upon bacteria. Special attention will be given to growth, metabolism, and control of microorganisms. Consideration is given to the relationship of microbes to health and disease. In the laboratory, techniques of isolation, staining, biochemical, characterization, and serology are stresses. Prerequisites: BIOL 114; CHEM 121, 123, 124, 126, or equivalent.

BIOL 331 Genetics (3)

• This course includes a study of the principles of Mendelian genetics and theories of inheritance including the chemical nature, location, organization, and transfer of the information encoded in nucleic acids. Aspects of population and medical genetics are reviewed. Prerequisite: BIOL 114.

BIOL 332 Genetics Laboratory (1)

• This course is an introduction to the experimental basis of essential concepts in genetics, and will overview three main areas: classical genetics, population genetics, and molecular genetics. Students will learn about the methodology of modern genetics by experimentally investigating important genetic phenomena. Prerequisite: BIOL 114, 115; corequisite BIOL 331.

BIOL 333 Invertebrate Zoology (4)

• This course is a comprehensive survey of the major phyla of invertebrate animals. The morphology, functional biology, ecology, evolutionary history, and phylogeny of invertebrate taxa will be covered. The minor invertebrate phyla will be introduced. Laboratory is required. Prerequisite: BIOL 114, 115.

BIOL 340 Animal Physiology (4)

• This course is an introductory study of animal organ systems, their functions and mechanisms of function as related to whole organism homeostasis. Topics include energetics, temperature and fluid regulation, and nervous and hormonal controls. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115; CHEM 121, 123, 124, 126.

BIOL 350 Animal Behavior (3)

• The Animal Behavior course will provide an introduction to the study of ethology. The course will begin with a historical account of the development of ethology as a science followed by discussions of the evolutionary, genetic, and physiological bases of various types of behaviors. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115, 200.

BIOL 351 Animal Behavior Laboratory (1)

• This course complements the Animal Behavior lecture course. Laboratory topics are chosen to facilitate an in-depth analysis of specific topics discussed in lecture. Emphasis will be placed on observing, measuring, analyzing, and reporting behavioral patterns observed in laboratory and field conditions. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115, 350 (concurrently), 200.

BIOL 380 Cell Culture Techniques (2)

• This course is designed to provide the students with theory and basic techniques of plant and animal cell cultures. These include aseptic techniques, media preparation, establishment of primary culture, maintenance and propagation, contamination control, transformation, transfection, cloning, and fusion of cultured cells. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115; CHEM 121, 123, 124, 126.

BIOL 390 Human Gross Anatomy (4)

• This course is designed to provide the student with an in-depth examination of the structure and function of the human body. Using a regional approach, students will examine through lecture/discussion and laboratory exercises systems including the musculoskeletal, nervous, endocrine, and cardiovascular. Prerequisites: BIOL 111, 112, 114, 115.

BIOL 395 Applied Research Techniques (1)

• Students will be provided the opportunity to review, apply and coordinate skills learned in a variety of classes including experimental design, and data collection, organization, interpretation, analysis and presentation, to conducting a formal research project. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115; CPSC 101; MATH 110.

BIOL 401 Human Genetics (3)

• This course relates principles of both transmission and molecular genetics to the human organism. Particular stress will be placed on inborn errors such as Down's Syndrome, Kleinfelter's Syndrome, and Tay-Sach's Disease. Since this course also is offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 331.

BIOL 407 Organic Evolution (3)

• This course develops a synthetic theory of evolution, describes the courses of variability, organizes genetic variability in the population, and evaluates isolation, hybridization, and ploidy. Since this course also is offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115.

BIOL 410 Histology (4)

• This course is a study of the microscopic anatomy of cells, tissues, and organs. Correlations between structure and function at the microscopic and submicroscopic levels are primary functions of the course. Laboratory experiences will supplement the lectures and provide students with the opportunity to develop the ability to recognize the microscopic anatomy of cells, tissues, and organs. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115, 230 and 310 are recommended.

BIOL 411 Introduction to Molecular Biotechnology (3)

• The course will provide students with an overview of modern molecular biology and the growing field of biotechnology. The laboratory component will allow students to use some of the major techniques and instrumentation widely used in molecular biology research. Guest lecturers will present key projects that illustrate the application of biotechnology to problems of disease prevention and vaccine production. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115.

BIOL 412 Introduction to Electron Microscopy I (3)

• This course is an introduction to the techniques of electron microscopy. Methods of tissue preparation, theory of the electron microscope, as well as assigned readings are an integral part of the course. Practical experience in the methodology of tissue preparation is stressed. Prerequisites: 16 credits in biology and consent of instructor.

BIOL 413 Predator-Prey Relationships (3)

• Predator-prey relationships are prime examples of coevolution and evolutionary arms races. The study of such relationships provides insight into evolutionary and ecological mechanisms of animal interactions. These interactions will be looked at within the framework of Optimal Foraging Theory. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115, 200.

BIOL 414 Pathogenic Microbiology (3)

• This course is a study of the pathogenic microorganisms. The emphasis is on bacteria, rickettsia, and chlamydia. The morphological, biochemical, serological, and pathological characteristics of these organisms will be addressed. This course will focus on important nosocomial and outbreak associated etiological agents. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 330.

BIOL 416 Parasitology (3)

• This is an introductory course consisting of a morphological study of selected parasites of man and animals with special attention to host-parasite relationships and the phenomenon of parasitism. Laboratory experience includes dissection of vertebrate hosts and fixation, staining, mounting, and identification of parasites recovered. Prerequisites: BIOL 114 and 115 or 111 and 112.

BIOL 418 Cytology (3)

• This course acquaints the student with the subject of cellular structure, gives the students an understanding of the more modern concepts of cellular organization, and brings to students the modern techniques of investigation of the detailed structure and processes of the cell. Since this course is also offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Offered on demand. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115.

BIOL 419 Virology (3)

• This course includes a study of the aspects of systematics, serology, immunology, vaccines and genetics of viruses. Representative viral diseases along with their mechanism for pathogenicity are studied. Since this course also is offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115, 330.

BIOL 420 Biology of Aging (3)

• This course covers the biological aspects of aging. Theories of aging as well as the actual physiological changes that occur on the molecular, cellular, and systemic levels are discussed. Biology majors may not use this course to fulfill their Biology major requirements. This course is one of the required courses for students in Gerontology. Prerequisites: BIOL 111, 112 (BIOL 114 may be substituted for BIOL 112).

BIOL 421 Introductory Mycology (3)

• This course is a survey of higher and lower fungi, including field collections of fleshy fungi with laboratory physiological studies and identification. Emphasis on fleshy basidiomycetes and fungi imperfecti. Since this course also is offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115.

BIOL 422 Plant Physiology (4)

• This course is a study of the functions of higher plants, including water relations, photosynthesis, respiration, nutrition, and the control of plant growth and development. The practical applications of plant physiology are also discussed. Since this course also is offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115.

BIOL 423 Plant Ecology (3)

• This course is designed to instill knowledge of the principles of fundamentals of plant ecology and the methods of vegetation analysis. Since this course also is offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115, and 200.

BIOL 424 Mechanisms of Disease I (3)

• This course will discuss the mechanisms contributing to disease and representative diseases affecting the various body systems. Readings, Kodachrome slides, and selected, preserved organs/tissues will be used to graphically illustrate the diseases. Prerequisites: BIOL 111, 112.

BIOL 425 Herpetology (3)

• This course will review the biology of the vertebrate classes Amphibia and Reptilia from an organismic perspective. The topics of focus will include evolution, systematics, ecology, and behavior. Field research techniques will also be emphasized. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115.

BIOL 426 Wildlife Biology (3)

• A management approach to wildlife resource biology, the emphasis is on life histories, investigative techniques, and field research methods. Most North American game species are included. Since this course also is offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115.

BIOL 427 Natural History of Western Fauna (6)

• This program provides a graduate and undergraduate course that gives the student a unique opportunity for field study across the country. Although the focus will be on animal life in the Pacific Northwest, adequate attention will be given to wildlife on principal refuges found along the route both to and from the Northwest. Since this course also is offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. (Offered during Main Summer Session) Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115.

BIOL 428 Biogeography (3)

• This course deals with the geographical distribution of organisms. It examines the pattern of these distributions and the underlying causes for them. The question of what present distributions of organisms indicate about past climates and environments is considered. A secondary area of examination is ecology of invasions which include present day translocation of organisms from former to new habitats. Since this course also is offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115, 331.

BIOL 429 Human Physiology (3)

• This course is an in-depth study of human physiology. Emphasis is placed on the function and interrelationship of the nervous, circulatory, respiratory, and excretory systems. Since this course also is offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Prerequisites: BIOL 111, 112; CHEM 312 is recommended.

BIOL 430 Applied Microbiology (4)

• This course stresses the applications of principles learned in general microbiology. Emphasis will be placed on specific microbiological techniques as they apply to pathogenic microrganisms, agriculture, and the environment. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 330.

BIOL 431 Ecological Physiology (3)

• Various physiological processes such as temperature control, and salt and water balance will be studied by examining the modifications that make specific animals better adapted for survival in a particular environment. Since this course is offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115.

BIOL 432 Virology Laboratory (1)

• This course includes the study of the handling and infection of laboratory animals with viruses. The use of cell or tissue cultures in virology will be reviewed. To study viral replication, laboratory exercises in phage activity, bacterial virus growth curves and animal virus growth curves will be performed. Since this course is also offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115, 330, concurrent with 419.

BIOL 434 Comparative Hematology (4)

• This course introduces the student to basic and advanced concepts of hematology and hemostasis in animals. Emphasis will be placed on the hematologic cell series, anemias, leukemias, and other blood dyscrasias. Normal values and basic hematologic testing will be stressed. The student will learn to evaluated normal and abnormal cellular morphology and integrate these findings to the clinical picture. Students will be introduced to the principle of electronic counting and will learn to interpret scatterplots or other graphical material. The concepts of hemostasis will be developed through laboratory exercises, case studies, and classroom discussion. Since this course also is offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115, CHEM 121, 122, 123, 124.

BIOL 435 Endocrinology (3)

• This course is a study of the embryology, histology, and function of the chemical integrating system — the endocrine system — of animals, with particular emphasis on the vertebrates. Since this course also is offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Prerequisite: CHEM 234.

BIOL 436 Endocrinology of Sexual Reproduction (3)

• Comparative anatomy and physiology of the vertebrate reproductive systems and the chemistry and action of hormones concerned with reproduction will be studied. Since this course also is offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Prerequisite: BIOL 435.

BIOL 437 Immunology (3)

• A course designed to develop a basic understanding of the immune system and its relationship to disease. Everyday immunologic problems, penicillin and ragweed allergy, myeloma and lymphomas, serologic tests involving antigen antibody reactions, immunization, etc. will be considered. Graduate students will be expected to write a paper and complete a project. Prerequisites: BIOL 111, 112

BIOL 438 Pathogenic Microbiology Laboratory (1)

• This course includes the study of the handling and culturing of bacteria. Antimicrobial resistant mechanisms will be emphasized. Diagnostic, non-cultural, methods using probes and polymerase chain reaction techniques will be included. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115, 330, concurrent with 414.

BIOL 439 Molecular Biology (3)

• This course is intended to provide in-depth coverage of the principles of molecular biology. The structure of nucleic acids and proteins will be reviewed. The process of DNA replication, transcription, and translation in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes will be covered. The control of gene expression in several representative systems will be discussed in detail. Current methodologies in recombinant DNA research will be emphasized. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 331; CHEM 121, 123, 124, 126.

BIOL 440 General Aquatic Ecology (3)

• This course is a study of the plants, animals, and microorganisms that interrelate within the aquatic environment. Local habitats are used to illustrate theoretical and applied principles of aquatic ecology; freshwater and marine ecosystems in relationship to various types of pollution are also considered. Prerequisites: Any two courses in biology with the exception of laboratory courses only.

BIOL 441 Ecology of Water Pollution (3)

• This course is a study of the effect of various types of pollution on the freshwater, estuarine, and salt-water ecosystems. Monitoring of polluted and unpolluted situations will be conducted in the field, and bioassay techniques will be shown in the laboratory. Various indices of the extent of water pollution will be discussed. Since this course also is offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Prerequisites: Any two courses in biology with the exception of laboratory courses only.

BIOL 442 Biology of Aquatic Macrophytes (3)

• This course considers the identification, ordination, morphology, physiology, and ecology of the larger vascular and non-vascular aquatic plants. Since this course is also offered for graduate credit a differentiation of requirements is made. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115.

BIOL 443 Stream Ecology (3)

• Stream Ecology is a course designed to study the biological parameters of rivers and streams with special emphasis on trophic dynamics, invertebrate-vertebrate communities, and seasonal changes. The effects of pollution on various aspects of streams will also be a major consideration. Field investigations will be used to examine differing streams and their particular characteristics. A variety of sampling techniques will be used in the field to give students experience with different methods of answering ecological questions. Since this course also is offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115, and 200.

BIOL 445 Ecology of Fishes (3)

• This course emphasizes the taxonomic, physiological, ecological, and behavioral aspects of fishes; laboratory and field trips are an integral part of the course. Since this course also is offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Prerequisites: Any two courses in biology with exception of laboratory courses only.

BIOL 446 Limnology (3)

• This course provides basic principles of physical limnology in relation to several types of communities in lakes and streams; laboratory and field trips are an integral part of the course. Since this course also is offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Prerequisites: Any two courses in biology with the exception of laboratory courses only.

BIOL 447 Biology of the Plankton (3)

• This course covers the pelagic organisms in lakes and oceans and the factors that control their distribution and production. Planktonic plants and animals (e.g. algae, protozoa, rotifers, crustacea, and fish larvae) and the part they play in the economy of natural waters are studied; laboratory and field trips are an integral part of the course. Since this course also is offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Prerequisites: Any two courses in biology with the exception of laboratory courses only.

BIOL 448 Biology of Aquatic Insects (3)

• This course covers the taxonomy, life history, and general biology of aquatic insects; laboratory and field trips are an integral part of the course. Since this course also is offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Prerequisites: Any two courses in biology with the exception of laboratory courses only.

BIOL 449 Cell Biology (3)

• This course will provide an in-depth examination of cell structure and function and the interrelationship between the two. Special attention will be given to membranes, cytoskeleton, and cell surface structures. The function of these structures in the coordination of activities occurring within and among cells will be stressed. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 331; CHEM 234.

BIOL 450 Field Entomology (3)

• This course is an introductory taxonomic approach to insects, coupled with field collection and identification. Study includes ecology, morphology, systematics, and lab techniques. Since this course is also offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115.

BIOL 451 General Entomology (3)

• This course is the study of insects with respect to morphology, physiology, taxonomy, and ecology; insects of economic importance are used as examples. This is a basic course leading to several aspects of entomology such as insect morphology, economic entomology, insect physiology, medical entomology, etc. Since this course also is offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115.

BIOL 452 Insect Morphology (3)

• This course studies the internal and external structure of insects utilizing specimens in the laboratory. Since this course also is offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Prerequisites: BIOL 114 and 115, or 451.

BIOL 453 Insect Physiology (3)

• This course studies the functional aspect of insects. The course includes investigations of life processes such as digestion, nutrition, excretion, circulation, respiration, behavior, reproduction, development, and metamorphosis, and relates these life processes to anatomical structures. Since this course also is offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Prerequisites: BIOL 114 and 115 or 451 with BIOL 453 if possible.

BIOL 454 Medical Entomology (3)

• This course is the study of arthropods that affect the health of man and animals. The study includes a brief account of introductory entomology and that of the ticks, insects, and sites of medical importance, both as vectors and as the causal agents of pathological conditions. Seeks understanding of the principle of the vector-host relationship. Since this course also is offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Prerequisites: BIOL 114 and 115 or 451.

BIOL 455 Economic Entomology (3)

• This course studies the insects of economic importance including their identification, life history, biology, harmful and beneficial effects, and control. Insects included are important in agriculture, forestry, medicine, veterinary medicine, and often encountered in the family home. The principles of insect control with recent approaches are also considered. Since this course also is offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115, or 451.

BIOL 456 Pest Control and Pest Management (3)

• This course deals with identification, biology, damage, and control of structural, household, and commercial pests of insect and non-insect (including vertebrates) origin. Pesticide classification, chemistry, mode of action, and handling are studied. Preventive and non-chemical control methods using the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) principle are also discussed. Standard toxicological techniques with bioassay evaluations are administered. Since this course also is offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Prerequisites: BIOL 114 and 115, or 451.

BIOL 457 Behavioral Ecology (3)

• Behavioral Ecology is designed to introduce students to animal behavior within an ecological and evolutionary context. The subject matter deals with ways in which an organism's behaviors are influenced by the environment, especially with regard to resource distribution. Since this course is also offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Course is offered regularly at ESU and occasionally at the Marine Science field station at Wallops Island, Va. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115.

BIOL 458 Wildlife Diseases (3)

• This course includes a study of the occurrence, principles, concepts and significance of disease in wildlife. Representative diseases along with their mechanism for pathogenicity will be studied. Since this course also is offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115, 330.

BIOL 459 Wildlife Disease Laboratory (1)

• This course is designed to demonstrate the immunological and biochemical factors in disease diagnosis. Common laboratory tests in hematology, blood chemistry, and microbiology will be employed. Birds, fish, and mammals will be the subjects examined. Since this course is also offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115, 330, 458 (concurrent).

BIOL 460 Marine Ecology (3)

• This course is a study of the physical constants of the marine environment as it interrelates with marine organisms. The ecological interactions of the organisms with each other will be emphasized. The effect of pollution and excessive exploitation on marine organisms will be discussed. Since this course is also offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Prerequisites: Any two courses in biology with the exception of laboratory courses only.

BIOL 461 Mechanisms of Disease Laboratory (1)

• This course focuses on basic mechanism of disease (the processes). The main thrust is directed toward identification of the changes in the human body at cellular, tissue, and system levels when insulted by a disease. Glass microscopic slides, 35mm slides, organ and tissue specimens, images from the Internet and DC-ROM programs will be utilized in this course. Prerequisites: BIOL 111, 112. Corequisite: BIOL 424.

BIOL 462 Mammalogy (4)

• An overview of the vertebrate Class Mammalia, this course is designed to help the student develop a basic understanding of the anatomy, diversity, ecology, fossil record, and geographical distributions of mammals. Students will be exposed to the modern and fossil mammals of the world – with a focus on the regional fauna – through a combination of classroom discussion, lecture, laboratory work with preserved specimens, field trips, and field work. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115, 200.

BIOL 463 Conservation Biology (4)

• This course will synthesize topics relating to the conservation of animals and plants, including extinction, genetics, demography, insularization, threats to biodiversity, conservation economics, environmental ethics, and strategies for conservationists. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115.

BIOL 464 Population Genetics (4)

• This course will cover the basics of population genetics. Stress will be placed upon understanding the basic processes of evolutionary genetics. The initial part of the course will cover the basic models of population genetics; the second half will deal with contemporary controversies or problems. The laboratory will emphasize data analysis. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115, 331; MATH 131.

BIOL 465 Immunology Laboratory (1)

• This course is designed to provide the students with hands-on laboratory experimentation using basic immunological techniques. The course will include methods and techniques of: Immunization and bleeding of mice, antigen and antibody purification and characterization, immunoelectrophoresis, western blot, ELISA procedures, immunoprecipitation, immunocytochemistry, identification of cellular antigens by immunofluorescence, and isolation of mouse lymphoid tissue (spleen and thymus). Prerequisite: BIOL 330; corequisite: BIOL 437.

BIOL 466 Marine Ichthyology (3)

• This course is a study of the internal and external structure of fishes, their systematic and ecological relationships, and their distribution in time and space. This course is periodically offered at the Marine Science field station at Wallops Island, Va., only during a summer session. Since this course also is offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Prerequisites: Any two courses in biology with the exception of laboratory courses only.

BIOL 467 Fish Health Management (3)

• The maintenance of fish health in enclosed, recycling water systems will be studied. The chemical, physical, and biological processes of these enclosed systems will be related to the health of various species of fish. Nutrition, fish handling, and diagnosis of diseases will also be emphasized. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115.

BIOL 468 Principles of Systematics (3)

• This course focuses on the practice of classifying organisms utilizing modern systematic techniques. Particular emphasis is placed on the reconstruction of evolutionary histories of organisms using both molecular and morphological characters. Topics include species concepts, deliniation of taxonomic groups, and methods of inferring phylogenies. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115, 331.

BIOL 469 Introduction to Bioinformatics (3)

• The aim of this course is to provide a basic introduction to bioinformatics for students in molecular biology or genetics with no particular training in mathematics, statistics or informatics. The students will get an overview of the different databases from around the world that are available on the internet, and will be presented with practical applications of computer-based methods for the analysis of DNA sequences and protein structures. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115, and at least one course from BIOL 331, 411, or 439.

BIOL 474 Introduction to Oceanography (3)

• This course is designed to familiarize the student with the marine environment and current developments in the marine sciences. Topics for study will include the physical parameters of the ocean, ocean basis topography, life in the sea, and resources in the ocean. This course is periodically offered at the Marine Science field station in Wallops Island, Va., only during a summer session. Since this course also is offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Prerequisites: Any two courses in biology with the exception of laboratory courses only.

BIOL 477 Molecular Biology Lab (1)

• This course is intended as an adjunct to BIOL 439 Molecular Biology. This course will provide students with hands-on experience using techniques for molecular biology research including DNA isolation, Southern blotting, and PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 331; CHEM 121, 123, 124, 126. Corequisite: BIOL 439.

BIOL 479/579 Forensic Biotechnology (3)

• This course is intended to familiarize the students with an understanding of scope and use of biotechnological techniques in forensic sciences, which include criminal investigation, civil cases (paternity testing), and wildlife conservation and management (endangered species), diagnosis of inherited diseases, tissue and organ transplantation, personal and organism identification. This course will be conducted as both lecture and laboratory exercises. The students will learn how to collect, preserve, analyze and interpret biological evidence in forensic contexts: (hair, blood, saliva, semen, tooth pulp, and other tissues). It provides an overview of the techniques and problems related to application of biotechnology in different fields. Major topics will be addressed, such as categories of biological evidence, DNA fingerprinting, blood and serology, hair and fiber analysis, fingerprinting, forensic pathology. Current and historical cases will be used to illustrate examples of good and poor quality investigations and updates to new technologies and breakthroughs will be emphasized. Prerequisites: BIOL 331; either BIOL 411 or BIOL 439 and BIOL 477 and permission of the course instructor.

BIOL 480 Research in Biotechnology (3)

• This course introduces research methods in biotechnology including the scientific method, literature search strategies, collection and analysis of data and scientific writing and presentation skills. With assistance from instructors, students choose an independent research project in the area of biotechnology. Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of instructor.

BIOL 481 Insect Systematics (3)

• This course will provide an in-depth examination of insect diversity at the order and family level with an emphasis upon identification of adults. Topics will include taxonomy, evolutionary relationships, approaches to classifications, nomenclature, zoogeography, ecology, morphology, and techniques of collection. One or more field trips may be required. Since this course is also offered for graduate credit, a differentiation of requirements will be made. Prerequisites: BIOL 114 and 115.

BIOL 484 Environmental Studies Field Experience and Internship (Semester hours arranged)

• Environmental field experience is gained by on-the-job experience under direct professional supervision. Interns have served with state, local, federal, and overseas agencies. Opportunities continue to expand as present interns open new positions for future internships. Must be at least a second semester junior.

BIOL 485 Independent Study (Semester hours arranged)

• This experience is taken upon the initiative of a student who seeks to study with a knowledgeable faculty member in order to deepen a specific interest in a particular academic discipline. Independent study is a process through which a student either sharply increases his/her already advanced knowledge of a subject matter or increases his/her appreciation about an academic discipline that is correlative with a student's advanced knowledge of a subject. The proposed independent study must be submitted to the department for approval. The faculty member supervising the independent study must provide a minimum of five (5) hours of time per credit hour upon request of the student.

BIOL 486 Field Experience and Internship (Semester hours arranged)

BIOL 491 Behavioral Ecology Laboratory (1)

• Laboratory topics will introduce students to experimental design, data acquisition, and behavioral observation techniques under laboratory and field conditions using a variety of invertebrate and vertebrate organisms and plants. Some Saturday laboratories will be required. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115, 457 or concurrent.

BIOL 492 Mechanisms of Disease II (3)

• This course is a continuation of Mechanisms of Disease I. The mechanisms of diseases affecting the organ system will be studied; namely, to provide a concise account of important aspects of the pathology of human disease. Prerequisite: BIOL 424.

BIOL 493 Biology of Tropical Ecosystems (3)

• This course will impart a thorough understanding of tropical ecology through introductory lectures, student presentations, and an intensive two-week field experience. The field experience will provide research opportunities for students on ecological and behavioral aspects of selected organisms and/or concepts. Destinations include Costa Rica, Ecuador, or Kenya. The course will be offered on demand during appropriate winter, spring, or summer sessions. Prerequisites: BIOL 114, 115, 200. Students will meet for a total of 15 hours prior to and after the field trip.

BIOL 494 Research in Biology 494 (3)

• This course is an experimental investigation selected by the student in consultation with a member of the faculty and carried out under the guidance of the faculty member. Instruction will be given on how to design, pursue, analyze, and report on independent research. This course seeks to enrich undergraduate learning, by promoting opportunities for students to experience firsthand the research experience. Prerequisites: At least junior standing and permission of instructor.

BIOL 495 Seminar I (1)

• This course is designed to lead senior students into current scientific literature. Students are assigned independent problems as well as readings in their areas and are expected to analyze the literature and orally report their findings to the class. Every attempt will be made to secure the services of experts in their field to present learned papers. This course is required of all Biology majors in the arts and sciences in their senior year and secondary education majors who are student teaching in the spring semester.

BIOL 496 Seminar II (1)

• This course is a continuation of Seminar I. It is required of all Biology majors in the arts and sciences in the second semester of their senior year and of secondary education majors who are student teaching in the fall semester.

BIOL 497 Environmental Studies Seminar (1)

• Seminar participants analyze selected environmental topics. Both individual and group efforts are encouraged. Prerequisites: Environmental Studies Majors Only; permission of instructor.

BIOL 498 Research in Marine Science (3)

• This course is an individualized investigation of a research area in Marine Science. The specific research problem is formulated by the student and carried out under the direction of the professor. Prerequisites: 12 credits in Marine and Aquatic Science and senior standing.

BIOL 499 Student Teaching Internships (1)

• This course is designed to provide the student with an opportunity to work with a faculty member in the student's primary Arts and Sciences discipline during the student teaching experience. The course will enhance the student's ability to understand and maximize the relationship between disciplinary subject matter and pedagogy.

Biology - Marine Science Courses

• Courses taught with a BIOM rubric are those courses normally taught at the Marine Science Consortium field station at Wallops Island, Va. These BIOM courses are taught through the Department of Biological Sciences and, unless specified otherwise in the course description, BIOM courses will count as Biological Sciences courses toward a major within the Department.